[common] introduce 'status' attribute to Extractors

allows reporting error codes for exceptions that are not handled
by the Job.run() try-except block

- fixes Job.status being 0 in certain situations even when errors occurred
- fixes some URLs not getting written to -e/--error-file (#7758)

gallery_dl/job.py

@@ -186,6 +186,8 @@ class Job():
             self.handle_finalize()
             extractor.finalize()
 
+        if s := extractor.status:
+            self.status |= s
         return self.status
 
     def dispatch(self, msg):