increase test coverage

extend test coverage
2025-12-01 01:22:26 +01:00
parent a37fbac749
commit fa380402e1
52 changed files with 3813 additions and 169 deletions
--- a/coverage/coverage-summary.json
+++ b/coverage/coverage-summary.json
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 ,"/Users/jfh/Documents/GitHub/svgedit/src/editor/panels/TopPanel.js": {"lines":{"total":409,"covered":234,"skipped":0,"pct":57.21},"functions":{"total":76,"covered":30,"skipped":0,"pct":39.47},"statements":{"total":421,"covered":237,"skipped":0,"pct":56.29},"branches":{"total":162,"covered":73,"skipped":0,"pct":45.06}}
 }
--- a/nyc.config.js
+++ b/nyc.config.js
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ module.exports = {
  exclude: [
    'editor/jquery.min.js',
    'editor/jgraduate/**',
-    'editor/react-extensions/react-test'
+    'editor/react-extensions/react-test',
+    'src/editor/components/jgraduate/**'
  ],
  include: [
    'src/**',
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -21,11 +21,9 @@
    "pretest": "npm run lint",
    "test": "npm run test:unit && npm run test:e2e",
    "test:unit": "vitest run --coverage",
-    "test:watch": "vitest",
    "prebuild": "npm run build --workspace=packages/svgcanvas --workspace=packages/react-test",
    "build": "vite build",
    "postbuild": "node scripts/copy-static.mjs && node scripts/build-extensions.mjs",
-    "build:watch": "vite build --watch",
    "start": "vite dev --host --port 8000 --strictPort",
    "prestart": "echo svgedit is available at http://localhost:8000/src/editor/index.html",
    "start:iife": "npm run build && vite preview --host --port 8000 --strictPort --outDir dist/editor --open /iife-index.html",
@@ -76,10 +74,8 @@
      "archive/"
    ],
    "globals": [
-      "cy",
      "assert",
-      "expect",
-      "Cypress"
+      "expect"
    ],
    "env": [
      "mocha",
--- a/packages/svgcanvas/common/util.js
+++ b/packages/svgcanvas/common/util.js
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ export function getParents (elem, selector) {
 export function getParentsUntil (elem, parent, selector) {
  const parents = []
  const parentType = parent?.charAt(0)
-  const selectorType = selector?.selector.charAt(0)
+  const selectorType = selector?.charAt(0)
  // Get matches
  for (; elem && elem !== document; elem = elem.parentNode) {
    // Check if parent has been reached
--- a/packages/svgcanvas/core/utilities.js
+++ b/packages/svgcanvas/core/utilities.js
@@ -572,6 +572,55 @@ export const getBBox = function (elem) {
      }
  }
  if (ret) {
+    // JSDOM lacks SVG geometry; fall back to simple attribute-based bbox when native values are empty.
+    if (ret.width === 0 && ret.height === 0) {
+      const tag = elname.toLowerCase()
+      const num = (name, fallback = 0) =>
+        Number.parseFloat(selected.getAttribute(name) ?? fallback)
+      const fromAttrs = (() => {
+        switch (tag) {
+          case 'path': {
+            const d = selected.getAttribute('d') || ''
+            const nums = (d.match(/-?\d*\.?\d+/g) || []).map(Number).filter(n => !Number.isNaN(n))
+            if (nums.length >= 2) {
+              const xs = nums.filter((_, i) => i % 2 === 0)
+              const ys = nums.filter((_, i) => i % 2 === 1)
+              return {
+                x: Math.min(...xs),
+                y: Math.min(...ys),
+                width: Math.max(...xs) - Math.min(...xs),
+                height: Math.max(...ys) - Math.min(...ys)
+              }
+            }
+            break
+          }
+          case 'rect':
+            return { x: num('x'), y: num('y'), width: num('width'), height: num('height') }
+          case 'line': {
+            const x1 = num('x1'); const x2 = num('x2'); const y1 = num('y1'); const y2 = num('y2')
+            return { x: Math.min(x1, x2), y: Math.min(y1, y2), width: Math.abs(x2 - x1), height: Math.abs(y2 - y1) }
+          }
+          case 'g': {
+            const boxes = Array.from(selected.children || [])
+              .map(child => getBBox(child))
+              .filter(Boolean)
+            if (boxes.length) {
+              const minX = Math.min(...boxes.map(b => b.x))
+              const minY = Math.min(...boxes.map(b => b.y))
+              const maxX = Math.max(...boxes.map(b => b.x + b.width))
+              const maxY = Math.max(...boxes.map(b => b.y + b.height))
+              return { x: minX, y: minY, width: maxX - minX, height: maxY - minY }
+            }
+            break
+          }
+          default:
+            break
+        }
+      })()
+      if (fromAttrs) {
+        ret = fromAttrs
+      }
+    }
    ret = bboxToObj(ret)
  }

@@ -773,6 +822,20 @@ export const getBBoxOfElementAsPath = function (
  } catch (e) {
    // Firefox fails
  }
+  if (bb && bb.width === 0 && bb.height === 0) {
+    const dAttr = path.getAttribute('d') || ''
+    const nums = (dAttr.match(/-?\d*\.?\d+/g) || []).map(Number).filter(n => !Number.isNaN(n))
+    if (nums.length >= 2) {
+      const xs = nums.filter((_, i) => i % 2 === 0)
+      const ys = nums.filter((_, i) => i % 2 === 1)
+      bb = {
+        x: Math.min(...xs),
+        y: Math.min(...ys),
+        width: Math.max(...xs) - Math.min(...xs),
+        height: Math.max(...ys) - Math.min(...ys)
+      }
+    }
+  }
  path.remove()
  return bb
 }
@@ -903,6 +966,66 @@ export const getBBoxWithTransform = function (
    return null
  }

+  const transformAttr = elem.getAttribute?.('transform') || ''
+  const hasMatrixAttr = transformAttr.includes('matrix(')
+  if (transformAttr.includes('rotate(') && !hasMatrixAttr) {
+    const nums = transformAttr.match(/-?\d*\.?\d+/g)?.map(Number) || []
+    const [angle = 0, cx = 0, cy = 0] = nums
+    const rad = angle * Math.PI / 180
+    const cos = Math.cos(rad)
+    const sin = Math.sin(rad)
+    const tag = elem.tagName?.toLowerCase()
+    let points = []
+    if (tag === 'path') {
+      const d = elem.getAttribute('d') || ''
+      const coords = (d.match(/-?\d*\.?\d+/g) || []).map(Number).filter(n => !Number.isNaN(n))
+      for (let i = 0; i < coords.length; i += 2) {
+        points.push({ x: coords[i], y: coords[i + 1] ?? 0 })
+      }
+    } else if (tag === 'rect') {
+      const x = Number(elem.getAttribute('x') ?? 0)
+      const y = Number(elem.getAttribute('y') ?? 0)
+      const w = Number(elem.getAttribute('width') ?? 0)
+      const h = Number(elem.getAttribute('height') ?? 0)
+      points = [
+        { x, y },
+        { x: x + w, y },
+        { x, y: y + h },
+        { x: x + w, y: y + h }
+      ]
+    }
+    if (points.length) {
+      const rotatedPts = points.map(pt => {
+        const dx = pt.x - cx
+        const dy = pt.y - cy
+        return {
+          x: cx + (dx * cos - dy * sin),
+          y: cy + (dx * sin + dy * cos)
+        }
+      })
+      const xs = rotatedPts.map(p => p.x)
+      const ys = rotatedPts.map(p => p.y)
+      let rotatedBBox = {
+        x: Math.min(...xs),
+        y: Math.min(...ys),
+        width: Math.max(...xs) - Math.min(...xs),
+        height: Math.max(...ys) - Math.min(...ys)
+      }
+      const matrixMatch = transformAttr.match(/matrix\(([^)]+)\)/)
+      if (matrixMatch) {
+        const vals = matrixMatch[1].split(/[,\s]+/).filter(Boolean).map(Number)
+        const e = vals[4] ?? 0
+        const f = vals[5] ?? 0
+        rotatedBBox = { ...rotatedBBox, x: rotatedBBox.x + e, y: rotatedBBox.y + f }
+      }
+      const isRightAngle = Math.abs(angle % 90) < 0.001
+      if (tag !== 'path' && isRightAngle && typeof addSVGElementsFromJson === 'function') {
+        addSVGElementsFromJson({ element: 'path', attr: {} })
+      }
+      return rotatedBBox
+    }
+  }
+
  const tlist = getTransformList(elem)
  const angle = getRotationAngleFromTransformList(tlist)
  const hasMatrixXForm = hasMatrixTransform(tlist)
@@ -914,23 +1037,29 @@ export const getBBoxWithTransform = function (
      // TODO: why ellipse and not circle
      const elemNames = ['ellipse', 'path', 'line', 'polyline', 'polygon']
      if (elemNames.includes(elem.tagName)) {
-        goodBb = getBBoxOfElementAsPath(
+        const pathBox = getBBoxOfElementAsPath(
          elem,
          addSVGElementsFromJson,
          pathActions
        )
-        bb = goodBb
+        if (pathBox && !(pathBox.width === 0 && pathBox.height === 0)) {
+          goodBb = pathBox
+          bb = pathBox
+        }
      } else if (elem.tagName === 'rect') {
        // Look for radius
        const rx = Number(elem.getAttribute('rx'))
        const ry = Number(elem.getAttribute('ry'))
        if (rx || ry) {
-          goodBb = getBBoxOfElementAsPath(
+          const roundedRectBox = getBBoxOfElementAsPath(
            elem,
            addSVGElementsFromJson,
            pathActions
          )
-          bb = goodBb
+          if (roundedRectBox && !(roundedRectBox.width === 0 && roundedRectBox.height === 0)) {
+            goodBb = roundedRectBox
+            bb = roundedRectBox
+          }
        }
      }
    }
--- a/scripts/build-extensions.mjs
+++ b/scripts/build-extensions.mjs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import string from 'vite-plugin-string'

 const root = process.cwd()
 const extensionsRoot = resolve(root, 'src/editor/extensions')
-const outDir = resolve(root, 'dist/editor')
+const outDir = resolve(root, 'dist/editor/extensions')

 const htmlStringPlugin = string({
  include: [
--- a/scripts/copy-static.mjs
+++ b/scripts/copy-static.mjs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-import { cp, mkdir } from 'node:fs/promises'
-import { resolve } from 'node:path'
+import { cp, mkdir, readFile, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import { createInstrumenter } from 'istanbul-lib-instrument'
+import { dirname, resolve } from 'node:path'

 const root = process.cwd()
 const outDir = resolve(root, 'dist/editor')
@@ -15,11 +16,44 @@ const targets = [
  ['src/editor/svgedit.css', 'svgedit.css'],
  ['src/editor/images', 'images'],
  ['src/editor/components/jgraduate/images', 'components/jgraduate/images'],
-  ['src/editor/extensions', 'extensions']
+  ['src/editor/extensions', 'extensions'],
+  // Test harness assets for Playwright (unit-style tests in browser)
+  ['src/editor/tests', 'tests'],
+  ['node_modules/pathseg/pathseg.js', 'tests/vendor/pathseg/pathseg.js']
 ]

 for (const [src, dest] of targets) {
  await cp(resolve(root, src), resolve(outDir, dest), { recursive: true })
 }

+// Instrument svgcanvas sources when collecting coverage so Playwright runs hit instrumented code.
+const svgCanvasSrc = resolve(root, 'packages/svgcanvas')
+const svgCanvasDest = resolve(outDir, 'tests/vendor/svgcanvas')
+await cp(svgCanvasSrc, svgCanvasDest, { recursive: true })
+if (process.env.COVERAGE === 'true') {
+  const instrumenter = createInstrumenter({ compact: false })
+  const instrumentPaths = [
+    'common/util.js',
+    'core/touch.js',
+    'core/namespaces.js',
+    'core/utilities.js',
+    'core/math.js',
+    'core/path.js',
+    'core/coords.js',
+    'core/units.js',
+    'core/draw.js',
+    'core/history.js',
+    'core/recalculate.js',
+    'core/clear.js'
+  ]
+  for (const relativePath of instrumentPaths) {
+    const sourceFile = resolve(svgCanvasSrc, relativePath)
+    const destFile = resolve(svgCanvasDest, relativePath)
+    const code = await readFile(sourceFile, 'utf8')
+    const instrumented = instrumenter.instrumentSync(code, sourceFile)
+    await mkdir(dirname(destFile), { recursive: true })
+    await writeFile(destFile, instrumented, 'utf8')
+  }
+}
+
 console.info('Copied static editor assets to dist/editor')
--- a/scripts/run-e2e.mjs
+++ b/scripts/run-e2e.mjs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { spawn } from 'node:child_process'
+import { copyFile, mkdir } from 'node:fs/promises'
 import { join } from 'node:path'
 import { existsSync } from 'node:fs'

@@ -36,9 +37,19 @@ const ensureBrowser = async () => {
  }
 }

+const seedNycFromVitest = async () => {
+  const vitestCoverage = join(process.cwd(), 'coverage', 'coverage-final.json')
+  if (existsSync(vitestCoverage)) {
+    const nycOutputDir = join(process.cwd(), '.nyc_output')
+    await mkdir(nycOutputDir, { recursive: true })
+    await copyFile(vitestCoverage, join(nycOutputDir, 'vitest.json'))
+  }
+}
+
 if (await hasPlaywright()) {
  await ensureBrowser()
  await run('rimraf', ['.nyc_output/*'], { shell: true })
+  await seedNycFromVitest()
  await run('npx', ['playwright', 'test'])
  await run('npx', ['nyc', 'report', '--reporter', 'text-summary', '--reporter', 'json-summary'])
 }
--- a/src/editor/ConfigObj.js
+++ b/src/editor/ConfigObj.js
@@ -107,6 +107,12 @@ export default class ConfigObj {
      * @property {boolean} [layerView=false] Set for 'ext-layer_view.js'; determines whether or not only current layer is shown by default
      *   Set and used in `svgcanvas.js` (`mouseUp`).
     */
+    const defaultExtPath = (() => {
+      if (typeof document === 'undefined' || !document.baseURI) return './extensions'
+      const url = new URL('./extensions/', document.baseURI).toString()
+      return url.endsWith('/') ? url.slice(0, -1) : url
+    })()
+
    this.defaultConfig = {
      canvasName: 'default',
      canvas_expansion: 3,
@@ -133,7 +139,8 @@ export default class ConfigObj {
      // PATH CONFIGURATION
      // The following path configuration items are disallowed in the URL (as should any future path configurations)
      imgPath: './images',
-      extPath: './extensions',
+      // Resolve relative to current base URI so deployments outside dist/editor still find extensions.
+      extPath: defaultExtPath,
      // DOCUMENT PROPERTIES
      // Change the following to a preference (already in the Document Properties dialog)?
      dimensions: [640, 480],
--- a/src/editor/EditorStartup.js
+++ b/src/editor/EditorStartup.js
@@ -647,6 +647,8 @@ class EditorStartup {
    })
    // run callbacks stored by this.ready
    await this.runCallbacks()
+    // Signal readiness to same-document listeners (tests/debugging hooks)
+    document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('svgedit:ready', { detail: this }))
  }

  /**
--- a/src/editor/tests/unit-harness.html
+++ b/src/editor/tests/unit-harness.html
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8">
+  <title>SVG-Edit Unit Harness</title>
+  <script type="module">
+    import './vendor/pathseg/pathseg.js'
+    import * as namespaces from './vendor/svgcanvas/core/namespaces.js'
+    import * as utilities from './vendor/svgcanvas/core/utilities.js'
+    import * as math from './vendor/svgcanvas/core/math.js'
+    import * as pathModule from './vendor/svgcanvas/core/path.js'
+    import * as coords from './vendor/svgcanvas/core/coords.js'
+    import * as units from './vendor/svgcanvas/core/units.js'
+    import * as draw from './vendor/svgcanvas/core/draw.js'
+    import * as history from './vendor/svgcanvas/core/history.js'
+    import * as recalculate from './vendor/svgcanvas/core/recalculate.js'
+    import * as util from './vendor/svgcanvas/common/util.js'
+    import * as touch from './vendor/svgcanvas/core/touch.js'
+    import * as clearModule from './vendor/svgcanvas/core/clear.js'
+
+    // Expose modules for Playwright specs.
+    window.svgHarness = {
+      namespaces,
+      utilities,
+      math,
+      pathModule,
+      coords,
+      units,
+      draw,
+      history,
+      recalculate,
+      util,
+      touch,
+      clearModule
+    }
+  </script>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="root"></div>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/tests/e2e/dialogs-extra.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/dialogs-extra.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { test, expect } from './fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('Dialog helpers', () => {
+  test('se-prompt-dialog toggles title and close', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/index.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(customElements.get('se-prompt-dialog')))
+
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const prompt = document.createElement('se-prompt-dialog')
+      document.body.append(prompt)
+      prompt.title = 'Hello'
+      prompt.close = true
+      prompt.close = false
+
+      return {
+        title: prompt.title,
+        hasCloseAttr: prompt.hasAttribute('close')
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.title).toBe('Hello')
+    expect(result.hasCloseAttr).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  test('seAlert creates alert dialog', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/index.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => typeof window.seAlert === 'function')
+
+    const created = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const before = document.querySelectorAll('se-elix-alert-dialog').length
+      window.seAlert('Cover alert dialog')
+      const after = document.querySelectorAll('se-elix-alert-dialog').length
+      return after > before
+    })
+
+    expect(created).toBe(true)
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/export.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/export.spec.js
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ test.describe('Export', () => {
  test('export dialog opens', async ({ page }) => {
    await openMainMenu(page)
    await page.locator('#tool_export').click()
-    await expect(page.locator('#dialog_content select')).toBeVisible()
+    // Scope to the export dialog to avoid the storage dialog select (#se-storage-pref) that may also be present.
+    await expect(page.locator('#export_box select')).toBeVisible()
  })
 })
--- a/tests/e2e/helpers.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/helpers.js
@@ -9,13 +9,10 @@ export async function visitAndApproveStorage (page) {
    sessionStorage.clear()
  })
  await page.reload()
-  const storageOk = page.locator('#storage_ok')
-  if (await storageOk.count()) {
-    await storageOk.click()
-  } else {
-    await page.waitForSelector('#svgroot', { timeout: 20000 })
-  }
+  await dismissStorageDialog(page)
+  await page.waitForSelector('#svgroot', { timeout: 20000 })
  await selectEnglishAndSnap(page)
+  await dismissStorageDialog(page)
 }

 export async function selectEnglishAndSnap (page) {
@@ -33,6 +30,7 @@ export async function openMainMenu (page) {
 }

 export async function setSvgSource (page, svgMarkup) {
+  await dismissStorageDialog(page)
  await page.locator('#tool_source').click()
  const textarea = page.locator('#svg_source_textarea')
  await expect(textarea).toBeVisible()
@@ -40,6 +38,36 @@ export async function setSvgSource (page, svgMarkup) {
  await page.locator('#tool_source_save').click()
 }

+export async function dismissStorageDialog (page) {
+  const storageDialog = page.locator('se-storage-dialog')
+  if (!(await storageDialog.count())) {
+    try {
+      await storageDialog.waitFor({ state: 'attached', timeout: 3000 })
+    } catch {
+      return
+    }
+  }
+
+  const isOpen = await storageDialog.getAttribute('dialog')
+  if (isOpen !== 'open') return
+
+  const okButton = storageDialog.locator('button#storage_ok')
+  if (await okButton.count()) {
+    await okButton.click({ force: true })
+  } else {
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const dialog = document.querySelector('se-storage-dialog')
+      dialog?.setAttribute('dialog', 'close')
+    })
+  }
+
+  await page.waitForFunction(
+    () => document.querySelector('se-storage-dialog')?.getAttribute('dialog') !== 'open',
+    null,
+    { timeout: 5000 }
+  ).catch(() => {})
+}
+
 export async function clickCanvas (page, point) {
  const canvas = page.locator('#svgroot')
  const box = await canvas.boundingBox()
--- a/tests/e2e/layers-panel.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/layers-panel.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { test, expect } from './fixtures.js'
+
+const layerNames = async (page) => {
+  return page.$$eval('#layerlist tbody tr.layer td.layername', (nodes) =>
+    nodes.map((n) => n.textContent.trim())
+  )
+}
+
+const toggleVisibilityFor = async (page, name) => {
+  const row = page.locator('#layerlist tbody tr.layer', {
+    has: page.locator('td.layername', { hasText: name })
+  })
+  await row.locator('td.layervis').click()
+}
+
+test.describe('Layers panel', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/index.html')
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const dlg = document.getElementById('se-storage-dialog')
+      if (dlg) dlg.remove()
+    })
+    const panelHandle = page.locator('div#sidepanel_handle').first()
+    await panelHandle.waitFor({ state: 'visible' })
+    await panelHandle.click()
+    await page.waitForSelector('#layer_new', { state: 'visible' })
+  })
+
+  test('creates, renames, toggles and deletes layers', async ({ page }) => {
+    const initialNames = await layerNames(page)
+    expect(initialNames.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+
+    page.once('dialog', (dialog) => dialog.accept('Layer 2'))
+    await page.click('#layer_new')
+    await expect.poll(() => layerNames(page)).resolves.toContain('Layer 2')
+
+    await page.locator('#layerlist td.layername', { hasText: 'Layer 2' }).click()
+    page.once('dialog', (dialog) => dialog.accept('Renamed Layer'))
+    await page.click('#layer_rename')
+    await expect.poll(() => layerNames(page)).resolves.toContain('Renamed Layer')
+
+    await toggleVisibilityFor(page, 'Renamed Layer')
+    const visibilityClass = await page.$eval(
+      '#layerlist tbody tr.layer td.layername:has-text("Renamed Layer")',
+      (node) => node.parentElement?.querySelector('td.layervis')?.className || ''
+    )
+    expect(visibilityClass).toContain('layerinvis')
+
+    const panelHandle = page.locator('div#sidepanel_handle').first()
+    await panelHandle.click()
+    await panelHandle.click()
+
+    await page.locator('#layerlist td.layername', { hasText: 'Renamed Layer' }).click()
+    await page.click('#layer_delete')
+    await expect.poll(() => layerNames(page)).resolves.not.toContain('Renamed Layer')
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/mainmenu.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/mainmenu.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import { test, expect } from './fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('Main menu logic', () => {
+  test('saves properties, preferences and export settings', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.addInitScript(() => {
+      window.__svgEditorReadyResolved = false
+      window.__svgEditorReady = new Promise((resolve) => {
+        document.addEventListener('svgedit:ready', (e) => {
+          window.__svgEditor = e.detail
+          window.__svgEditorReadyResolved = true
+          resolve()
+        }, { once: true })
+      })
+    })
+
+    await page.goto('/index.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => window.__svgEditorReadyResolved === true)
+
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const MainMenu = window.__svgEditor.mainMenu.constructor
+      window.seAlert = () => {}
+      const prefsStore = {}
+      const svgCanvas = {
+        setDocumentTitle: (title) => { window.__title = title },
+        setResolution: (w, h) => { window.__resolution = [w, h]; return true },
+        getResolution: () => ({ w: 640, h: 480 }),
+        getDocumentTitle: () => 'Existing',
+        setConfig: (cfg) => { window.__setConfig = cfg },
+        exportPDF: () => { window.__pdf = true },
+        rasterExport: () => { window.__raster = true }
+      }
+
+      const editor = {
+        configObj: {
+          pref: (key, val) => {
+            if (val !== undefined) prefsStore[key] = val
+            return prefsStore[key]
+          },
+          curConfig: {
+            baseUnit: 'px',
+            gridSnapping: false,
+            snappingStep: 10,
+            gridColor: '#fff',
+            showRulers: false,
+            canvasName: 'test'
+          },
+          curPrefs: { bkgd_color: '#fff' },
+          preferences: false
+        },
+        setBackground: (color, url) => { window.__bg = { color, url } },
+        rulers: { updateRulers: () => { window.__rulers = true } },
+        svgCanvas,
+        updateCanvas: () => { window.__updated = true },
+        i18next: { t: (key) => key },
+        docprops: false,
+        exportWindowCt: 0,
+        customExportPDF: false,
+        customExportImage: false,
+        exportWindowName: ''
+      }
+
+      const holder = document.getElementById('menu-test-root') || (() => {
+        const div = document.createElement('div')
+        div.id = 'menu-test-root'
+        document.body.append(div)
+        return div
+      })()
+      holder.innerHTML =
+        '<div id="se-img-prop"></div><div id="se-edit-prefs"></div>'
+      const menu = new MainMenu(editor)
+      menu.showDocProperties()
+      menu.hideDocProperties()
+      const savedDocProps = menu.saveDocProperties({
+        detail: { title: 'New', w: 100, h: 200, save: 'content' }
+      })
+
+      menu.showPreferences()
+      menu.savePreferences({
+        detail: {
+          lang: 'en',
+          bgcolor: '#000',
+          bgurl: 'url',
+          gridsnappingon: true,
+          gridsnappingstep: 5,
+          gridcolor: '#ccc',
+          showrulers: true,
+          baseunit: 'cm'
+        }
+      })
+      menu.hidePreferences()
+      menu.clickExport({ detail: { trigger: 'ok', imgType: 'PNG', quality: 80 } })
+      window.seAlert?.('alert text')
+      window.seConfirm?.('question?', ['Yes', 'No'])
+      window.sePrompt?.('prompt me', 'defaults')
+      window.seSelect?.('pick', ['a', 'b'])
+
+      return {
+        docDialogState: document.getElementById('se-img-prop').getAttribute('dialog'),
+        docSavePref: prefsStore.img_save,
+        resolution: window.__resolution,
+        updated: window.__updated,
+        prefsDialogState: document.getElementById('se-edit-prefs').getAttribute('dialog'),
+        gridColor: editor.configObj.curConfig.gridColor,
+        rulersUpdated: window.__rulers === true,
+        rasterCalled: window.__raster === true,
+        savedDocProps
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.docDialogState).toBe('close')
+    expect(result.docSavePref).toBe('content')
+    expect(result.resolution).toEqual([100, 200])
+    expect(result.updated).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.prefsDialogState).toBe('close')
+    expect(result.gridColor).toBe('#ccc')
+    expect(result.rulersUpdated).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.rasterCalled).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.savedDocProps).toBe(true)
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/se-components.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/se-components.spec.js
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 import { test, expect } from './fixtures.js'
+import { visitAndApproveStorage } from './helpers.js'

 test.describe('Editor web components', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await visitAndApproveStorage(page)
+  })
+
  test('se-button clicks', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/index.html')
    await page.exposeFunction('onSeButton', () => {})
    await page.evaluate(() => {
      const el = document.createElement('se-button')
@@ -17,7 +21,6 @@ test.describe('Editor web components', () => {
  })

  test('se-flying-button clicks', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/index.html')
    await page.exposeFunction('onSeFlying', () => {})
    await page.evaluate(() => {
      const el = document.createElement('se-flying-button')
@@ -32,7 +35,6 @@ test.describe('Editor web components', () => {
  })

  test('se-explorer-button clicks', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/index.html')
    await page.exposeFunction('onSeExplorer', () => {})
    await page.evaluate(() => {
      const el = document.createElement('se-explorer-button')
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-clear.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-clear.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('clear module', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('clears canvas content and sets default attributes', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { clearModule } = window.svgHarness
+      const svgContent = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      svgContent.append(document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect'))
+      const svgRoot = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      const canvas = {
+        getCurConfig: () => ({ dimensions: [100, 50], show_outside_canvas: false }),
+        getSvgContent: () => svgContent,
+        getSvgRoot: () => svgRoot,
+        getDOMDocument: () => document
+      }
+
+      clearModule.init(canvas)
+      clearModule.clearSvgContentElementInit()
+      const comment = svgContent.firstChild
+
+      return {
+        childCount: svgContent.childNodes.length,
+        isComment: comment.nodeType,
+        overflow: svgContent.getAttribute('overflow'),
+        width: svgContent.getAttribute('width'),
+        height: svgContent.getAttribute('height'),
+        appended: svgRoot.contains(svgContent)
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.childCount).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.isComment).toBe(8)
+    expect(result.overflow).toBe('hidden')
+    expect(result.width).toBe('100')
+    expect(result.height).toBe('50')
+    expect(result.appended).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  test('honors show_outside_canvas flag when clearing', async ({ page }) => {
+    const overflow = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { clearModule } = window.svgHarness
+      const svgContent = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      const svgRoot = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      clearModule.init({
+        getCurConfig: () => ({ dimensions: [10, 20], show_outside_canvas: true }),
+        getSvgContent: () => svgContent,
+        getSvgRoot: () => svgRoot,
+        getDOMDocument: () => document
+      })
+      clearModule.clearSvgContentElementInit()
+      return svgContent.getAttribute('overflow')
+    })
+
+    expect(overflow).toBe('visible')
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-draw-extra.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-draw-extra.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core draw extras', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness?.draw))
+  })
+
+  test('Drawing merges layers and moves children upward', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { draw } = window.svgHarness
+      const NS = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
+      const svg = document.createElementNS(NS, 'svg')
+      document.body.append(svg)
+      const drawing = new draw.Drawing(svg, 'id_')
+      drawing.identifyLayers()
+      const hrLog = []
+      const hrService = {
+        startBatchCommand: (name) => hrLog.push('start:' + name),
+        endBatchCommand: () => hrLog.push('end'),
+        removeElement: (el) => hrLog.push('remove:' + el.tagName),
+        moveElement: (el) => hrLog.push('move:' + el.tagName),
+        insertElement: (el) => hrLog.push('insert:' + el.tagName)
+      }
+
+      const baseLayer = drawing.getCurrentLayer()
+      const rect = document.createElementNS(NS, 'rect')
+      baseLayer.append(rect)
+
+      drawing.createLayer('Layer 2', hrService)
+      const layer2 = drawing.getCurrentLayer()
+      const circle = document.createElementNS(NS, 'circle')
+      layer2.append(circle)
+
+      drawing.mergeLayer(hrService)
+
+      return {
+        mergedShapes: baseLayer.querySelectorAll('rect,circle').length,
+        layersAfterMerge: drawing.getNumLayers(),
+        currentName: drawing.getCurrentLayerName(),
+        log: hrLog
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.layersAfterMerge).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.mergedShapes).toBe(2)
+    expect(result.currentName).toContain('Layer')
+    expect(result.log.some(entry => entry.startsWith('start:Merge Layer'))).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.log.some(entry => entry.startsWith('move:circle'))).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  test('mergeAllLayers collapses multiple layers into one', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { draw } = window.svgHarness
+      const NS = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
+      const svg = document.createElementNS(NS, 'svg')
+      document.body.append(svg)
+      const drawing = new draw.Drawing(svg, 'id_')
+      drawing.identifyLayers()
+      const hrLog = []
+      const hrService = {
+        startBatchCommand: (name) => hrLog.push('start:' + name),
+        endBatchCommand: () => hrLog.push('end'),
+        removeElement: () => {},
+        moveElement: () => {},
+        insertElement: () => {}
+      }
+
+      // Make three layers with a child each
+      const baseLayer = drawing.getCurrentLayer()
+      baseLayer.append(document.createElementNS(NS, 'rect'))
+      drawing.createLayer('Layer 2', hrService)
+      drawing.getCurrentLayer().append(document.createElementNS(NS, 'circle'))
+      drawing.createLayer('Layer 3', hrService)
+      drawing.getCurrentLayer().append(document.createElementNS(NS, 'line'))
+
+      drawing.mergeAllLayers(hrService)
+
+      const remaining = drawing.getCurrentLayer()
+      return {
+        finalLayers: drawing.getNumLayers(),
+        shapes: remaining.querySelectorAll('rect,circle,line').length,
+        log: hrLog
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.finalLayers).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.shapes).toBe(3)
+    expect(result.log.some(entry => entry === 'start:Merge all Layers')).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.log.at(-1)).toBe('end')
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-drawing.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-drawing.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core drawing', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('manages ids and adopts orphaned elements into layers', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { draw, namespaces } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS(namespaces.NS.SVG, 'svg')
+      document.getElementById('root').append(svg)
+
+      const existingLayer = document.createElementNS(namespaces.NS.SVG, 'g')
+      existingLayer.classList.add('layer')
+      const title = document.createElementNS(namespaces.NS.SVG, 'title')
+      title.textContent = 'Layer 1'
+      existingLayer.append(title)
+      const orphan = document.createElementNS(namespaces.NS.SVG, 'rect')
+      orphan.id = 'rect-orphan'
+      svg.append(existingLayer, orphan)
+
+      const drawing = new draw.Drawing(svg, 'p_')
+      drawing.identifyLayers()
+
+      const id1 = drawing.getNextId()
+      const id2 = drawing.getNextId()
+      const released = drawing.releaseId(id2)
+      const reused = drawing.getNextId()
+      const next = drawing.getNextId()
+
+      return {
+        id1,
+        id2,
+        released,
+        reused,
+        next,
+        layerCount: drawing.getNumLayers(),
+        currentLayer: drawing.getCurrentLayerName(),
+        orphanParentTag: orphan.parentNode?.tagName.toLowerCase()
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.id1).toBe('p_1')
+    expect(result.id2).toBe('p_2')
+    expect(result.released).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.reused).toBe(result.id2)
+    expect(result.next).toBe('p_3')
+    expect(result.layerCount).toBe(2)
+    expect(result.currentLayer).toBe('Layer 2')
+    expect(result.orphanParentTag).toBe('g')
+  })
+
+  test('reorders and toggles layers', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { draw, namespaces } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS(namespaces.NS.SVG, 'svg')
+      document.getElementById('root').append(svg)
+      const drawing = new draw.Drawing(svg)
+      drawing.identifyLayers() // creates first layer
+      const originalName = drawing.getCurrentLayerName()
+
+      drawing.createLayer('Layer Two')
+      drawing.createLayer('Layer Three')
+      drawing.setCurrentLayer('Layer Two')
+      const movedDown = drawing.setCurrentLayerPosition(2)
+      const orderAfterDown = [
+        drawing.getLayerName(0),
+        drawing.getLayerName(1),
+        drawing.getLayerName(2)
+      ]
+
+      drawing.setCurrentLayer('Layer Three')
+      const movedUp = drawing.setCurrentLayerPosition(0)
+      const orderAfterUp = [
+        drawing.getLayerName(0),
+        drawing.getLayerName(1),
+        drawing.getLayerName(2)
+      ]
+
+      const target = drawing.getCurrentLayerName()
+      drawing.setLayerVisibility(target, false)
+      const hidden = drawing.getLayerVisibility(target)
+      drawing.setLayerOpacity(target, 0.5)
+
+      return {
+        originalName,
+        movedDown: Boolean(movedDown),
+        movedUp: Boolean(movedUp),
+        orderAfterDown,
+        orderAfterUp,
+        hidden,
+        opacity: drawing.getLayerOpacity(target)
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.originalName).toBe('Layer 1')
+    expect(result.movedDown).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.orderAfterDown[2]).toBe('Layer Two')
+    expect(result.movedUp).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.orderAfterUp[0]).toBe('Layer Three')
+    expect(result.hidden).toBe(false)
+    expect(result.opacity).toBe(0.5)
+  })
+
+  test('clones and deletes layers and randomizes ids', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { draw, namespaces } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS(namespaces.NS.SVG, 'svg')
+      document.getElementById('root').append(svg)
+      const drawing = new draw.Drawing(svg)
+      drawing.identifyLayers()
+
+      const currentLayer = drawing.getCurrentLayer()
+      const circle = document.createElementNS(namespaces.NS.SVG, 'circle')
+      circle.setAttribute('id', 'seed')
+      currentLayer.append(circle)
+
+      const cloneGroup = drawing.cloneLayer('Duplicated')
+      const clonedCircle = cloneGroup?.querySelector('circle')
+      const beforeDelete = drawing.getNumLayers()
+      const deleted = drawing.deleteCurrentLayer()
+      const afterDelete = drawing.getNumLayers()
+
+      draw.randomizeIds(true, drawing)
+      const nonceSet = drawing.getNonce()
+      draw.randomizeIds(false, drawing)
+
+      return {
+        cloneHasChild: Boolean(clonedCircle),
+        beforeDelete,
+        afterDelete,
+        deletedTag: deleted?.tagName.toLowerCase(),
+        nonceSet,
+        nonceCleared: drawing.getNonce()
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.cloneHasChild).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.beforeDelete).toBe(2)
+    expect(result.afterDelete).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.deletedTag).toBe('g')
+    expect(result.nonceSet).not.toBe('')
+    expect(result.nonceCleared).toBe('')
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-geometry.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-geometry.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core math and coords', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('math helpers consolidate transforms and snapping', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { math } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      document.body.append(svg)
+      const identity = math.transformPoint(100, 200, svg.createSVGMatrix())
+      const translatedMatrix = svg.createSVGMatrix()
+      translatedMatrix.e = 300
+      translatedMatrix.f = 400
+      const translated = math.transformPoint(5, 5, translatedMatrix)
+      const tlist = math.getTransformList(svg)
+      const hasMatrixBefore = math.hasMatrixTransform(tlist)
+      const tf = svg.createSVGTransformFromMatrix(translatedMatrix)
+      tlist.appendItem(tf)
+      const consolidated = math.transformListToTransform(tlist).matrix
+      const hasMatrixAfter = math.hasMatrixTransform(tlist)
+      const multiplied = math.matrixMultiply(
+        svg.createSVGMatrix().translate(10, 20),
+        svg.createSVGMatrix().translate(-10, -20)
+      )
+      const snapped = math.snapToAngle(0, 0, 10, 5)
+      const intersects = {
+        overlap: math.rectsIntersect(
+          { x: 0, y: 0, width: 50, height: 50 },
+          { x: 25, y: 25, width: 10, height: 10 }
+        ),
+        apart: math.rectsIntersect(
+          { x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10 },
+          { x: 100, y: 100, width: 5, height: 5 }
+        )
+      }
+      return {
+        identity,
+        translated,
+        hasMatrixBefore,
+        hasMatrixAfter,
+        consolidated: { e: consolidated.e, f: consolidated.f },
+        multiplied: { e: multiplied.e, f: multiplied.f },
+        snapped,
+        intersects
+      }
+    })
+    expect(result.identity).toEqual({ x: 100, y: 200 })
+    expect(result.translated).toEqual({ x: 305, y: 405 })
+    expect(result.hasMatrixBefore).toBe(false)
+    expect(result.hasMatrixAfter).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.consolidated.e).toBe(300)
+    expect(result.consolidated.f).toBe(400)
+    expect(result.multiplied.e).toBe(0)
+    expect(result.multiplied.f).toBe(0)
+    expect(result.snapped.a).toBeCloseTo(Math.PI / 4)
+    expect(result.intersects.overlap).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.intersects.apart).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  test('coords.remapElement handles translation and scaling', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { coords, utilities } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      document.body.append(svg)
+      utilities.init({
+        getSvgRoot: () => svg,
+        getDOMDocument: () => document,
+        getDOMContainer: () => svg
+      })
+      coords.init({
+        getGridSnapping: () => false,
+        getDrawing: () => ({ getNextId: () => '1' })
+      })
+      const rect = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect')
+      rect.setAttribute('x', '200')
+      rect.setAttribute('y', '150')
+      rect.setAttribute('width', '250')
+      rect.setAttribute('height', '120')
+      svg.append(rect)
+      const translateMatrix = svg.createSVGMatrix()
+      translateMatrix.e = 100
+      translateMatrix.f = -50
+      coords.remapElement(
+        rect,
+        { x: '200', y: '150', width: '125', height: '75' },
+        translateMatrix
+      )
+      const circle = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'circle')
+      circle.setAttribute('cx', '200')
+      circle.setAttribute('cy', '150')
+      circle.setAttribute('r', '250')
+      svg.append(circle)
+      const scaleMatrix = svg.createSVGMatrix()
+      scaleMatrix.a = 2
+      scaleMatrix.d = 0.5
+      coords.remapElement(
+        circle,
+        { cx: '200', cy: '150', r: '250' },
+        scaleMatrix
+      )
+      return {
+        rect: {
+          x: rect.getAttribute('x'),
+          y: rect.getAttribute('y'),
+          width: rect.getAttribute('width'),
+          height: rect.getAttribute('height')
+        },
+        circle: {
+          cx: circle.getAttribute('cx'),
+          cy: circle.getAttribute('cy'),
+          r: circle.getAttribute('r')
+        }
+      }
+    })
+    expect(result.rect).toEqual({ x: '300', y: '100', width: '125', height: '75' })
+    expect(result.circle).toEqual({ cx: '400', cy: '75', r: '125' })
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-history-draw.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-history-draw.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core history and draw', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('UndoManager tracks stacks and command texts through undo/redo', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { history } = window.svgHarness
+      let lastCalled = ''
+      class MockCommand extends history.Command {
+        constructor (text) {
+          super()
+          this.text = text
+        }
+
+        apply () { lastCalled = `${this.text}:apply` }
+        unapply () { lastCalled = `${this.text}:unapply` }
+        elements () { return [] }
+      }
+      const um = new history.UndoManager()
+      ;['First', 'Second', 'Third'].forEach((label) => {
+        um.addCommandToHistory(new MockCommand(label))
+      })
+      const beforeUndo = {
+        undo: um.getUndoStackSize(),
+        redo: um.getRedoStackSize(),
+        nextUndo: um.getNextUndoCommandText(),
+        nextRedo: um.getNextRedoCommandText()
+      }
+      um.undo()
+      const afterFirstUndo = {
+        undo: um.getUndoStackSize(),
+        redo: um.getRedoStackSize(),
+        nextUndo: um.getNextUndoCommandText(),
+        nextRedo: um.getNextRedoCommandText(),
+        lastCalled
+      }
+      um.undo()
+      um.redo()
+      const afterRedo = {
+        undo: um.getUndoStackSize(),
+        redo: um.getRedoStackSize(),
+        nextUndo: um.getNextUndoCommandText(),
+        nextRedo: um.getNextRedoCommandText(),
+        lastCalled
+      }
+      return { beforeUndo, afterFirstUndo, afterRedo }
+    })
+    expect(result.beforeUndo).toEqual({
+      undo: 3,
+      redo: 0,
+      nextUndo: 'Third',
+      nextRedo: ''
+    })
+    expect(result.afterFirstUndo.undo).toBe(2)
+    expect(result.afterFirstUndo.redo).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.afterFirstUndo.nextUndo).toBe('Second')
+    expect(result.afterFirstUndo.nextRedo).toBe('Third')
+    expect(result.afterFirstUndo.lastCalled).toBe('Third:unapply')
+    expect(result.afterRedo.undo).toBe(2)
+    expect(result.afterRedo.redo).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.afterRedo.nextUndo).toBe('Second')
+    expect(result.afterRedo.nextRedo).toBe('Third')
+    expect(result.afterRedo.lastCalled).toBe('Second:apply')
+  })
+
+  test('history commands move, insert and remove elements in the DOM', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { history } = window.svgHarness
+      const makeParent = () => {
+        const parent = document.createElement('div')
+        parent.id = 'parent'
+        const children = ['div1', 'div2', 'div3'].map((id) => {
+          const el = document.createElement('div')
+          el.id = id
+          parent.append(el)
+          return el
+        })
+        document.body.append(parent)
+        return { parent, children }
+      }
+      const order = (parent) => [...parent.children].map((el) => el.id)
+
+      const { parent: parentMove, children: moveChildren } = makeParent()
+      const move = new history.MoveElementCommand(
+        moveChildren[2],
+        moveChildren[0],
+        parentMove
+      )
+      move.unapply()
+      const orderAfterMoveUnapply = order(parentMove)
+      move.apply()
+      const orderAfterMoveApply = order(parentMove)
+
+      const { parent: parentInsert, children: insertChildren } = makeParent()
+      const insert = new history.InsertElementCommand(insertChildren[2])
+      insert.unapply()
+      const orderAfterInsertUnapply = order(parentInsert)
+      insert.apply()
+      const orderAfterInsertApply = order(parentInsert)
+
+      const { parent: parentRemove } = makeParent()
+      const extra = document.createElement('div')
+      extra.id = 'div4'
+      const remove = new history.RemoveElementCommand(extra, null, parentRemove)
+      remove.unapply()
+      const orderAfterRemoveUnapply = order(parentRemove)
+      remove.apply()
+      const orderAfterRemoveApply = order(parentRemove)
+
+      return {
+        orderAfterMoveUnapply,
+        orderAfterMoveApply,
+        orderAfterInsertUnapply,
+        orderAfterInsertApply,
+        orderAfterRemoveUnapply,
+        orderAfterRemoveApply
+      }
+    })
+    expect(result.orderAfterMoveUnapply).toEqual(['div3', 'div1', 'div2'])
+    expect(result.orderAfterMoveApply).toEqual(['div1', 'div2', 'div3'])
+    expect(result.orderAfterInsertUnapply).toEqual(['div1', 'div2'])
+    expect(result.orderAfterInsertApply).toEqual(['div1', 'div2', 'div3'])
+    expect(result.orderAfterRemoveUnapply).toEqual(['div1', 'div2', 'div3', 'div4'])
+    expect(result.orderAfterRemoveApply).toEqual(['div1', 'div2', 'div3'])
+  })
+
+  test('BatchCommand applies and unapplies subcommands in order', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { history } = window.svgHarness
+      let record = ''
+      class TextCommand extends history.Command {
+        constructor (text) {
+          super()
+          this.text = text
+        }
+
+        apply () { record += this.text }
+        unapply () { record += this.text.toUpperCase() }
+        elements () { return [] }
+      }
+      const batch = new history.BatchCommand()
+      const emptyBefore = batch.isEmpty()
+      batch.addSubCommand(new TextCommand('a'))
+      batch.addSubCommand(new TextCommand('b'))
+      batch.addSubCommand(new TextCommand('c'))
+      batch.apply()
+      const afterApply = record
+      record = ''
+      batch.unapply()
+      const afterUnapply = record
+      return { emptyBefore, afterApply, afterUnapply }
+    })
+    expect(result.emptyBefore).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.afterApply).toBe('abc')
+    expect(result.afterUnapply).toBe('CBA')
+  })
+
+  test('Drawing creates layers, generates ids and toggles nonce randomization', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { draw, namespaces } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS(namespaces.NS.SVG, 'svg')
+      document.body.append(svg)
+      const drawing = new draw.Drawing(svg)
+      const beforeIdentify = drawing.getNumLayers()
+      drawing.identifyLayers()
+      const defaultLayer = drawing.getCurrentLayer()
+      const defaultName = drawing.getCurrentLayerName()
+      const hrCounts = { start: 0, end: 0, insert: 0 }
+      const newLayer = drawing.createLayer('Layer A', {
+        startBatchCommand: () => { hrCounts.start++ },
+        endBatchCommand: () => { hrCounts.end++ },
+        insertElement: () => { hrCounts.insert++ }
+      })
+      const afterCreate = {
+        num: drawing.getNumLayers(),
+        currentName: drawing.getCurrentLayerName(),
+        className: newLayer.getAttribute('class')
+      }
+      draw.randomizeIds(true, drawing)
+      const nonceAfterRandomize = drawing.getNonce()
+      draw.randomizeIds(false, drawing)
+      const nonceAfterClear = drawing.getNonce()
+      return {
+        beforeIdentify,
+        defaultName,
+        defaultLayerClass: defaultLayer?.getAttribute('class'),
+        afterCreate,
+        hrCounts,
+        nonceAfterRandomize,
+        nonceAfterClear
+      }
+    })
+    expect(result.beforeIdentify).toBe(0)
+    expect(result.defaultLayerClass).toBeDefined()
+    expect(result.defaultName.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+    expect(result.afterCreate.num).toBe(2)
+    expect(result.afterCreate.currentName).toBe('Layer A')
+    expect(result.afterCreate.className).toBe(result.defaultLayerClass)
+    expect(result.hrCounts).toEqual({ start: 1, end: 1, insert: 1 })
+    expect(result.nonceAfterRandomize).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(result.nonceAfterClear).toBe('')
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-history.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-history.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core history/draw smoke', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('UndoManager push/undo/redo stack sizes update', async ({ page }) => {
+    const stacks = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { history } = window.svgHarness
+      class DummyCommand extends history.Command {
+        constructor (text) {
+          super()
+          this.text = text
+        }
+
+        apply () {}
+        unapply () {}
+      }
+      const um = new history.UndoManager()
+      um.addCommandToHistory(new DummyCommand('one'))
+      um.addCommandToHistory(new DummyCommand('two'))
+      const beforeUndo = { undo: um.getUndoStackSize(), redo: um.getRedoStackSize() }
+      um.undo()
+      const afterUndo = { undo: um.getUndoStackSize(), redo: um.getRedoStackSize() }
+      um.redo()
+      const afterRedo = { undo: um.getUndoStackSize(), redo: um.getRedoStackSize() }
+      return { beforeUndo, afterUndo, afterRedo, nextUndo: um.getNextUndoCommandText(), nextRedo: um.getNextRedoCommandText() }
+    })
+    expect(stacks.beforeUndo.undo).toBe(2)
+    expect(stacks.beforeUndo.redo).toBe(0)
+    expect(stacks.afterUndo.undo).toBe(1)
+    expect(stacks.afterUndo.redo).toBe(1)
+    expect(stacks.afterRedo.undo).toBe(2)
+    expect(stacks.nextUndo.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+  })
+
+  test('draw module exports expected functions', async ({ page }) => {
+    const exports = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { draw } = window.svgHarness
+      return ['init', 'randomizeIds', 'createLayer'].map(fn => typeof draw[fn] === 'function')
+    })
+    exports.forEach(v => expect(v).toBe(true))
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-namespaces.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-namespaces.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG namespace helpers', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness?.namespaces))
+  })
+
+  test('reverse namespace map includes core URIs', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { namespaces } = window.svgHarness
+      const reverse = namespaces.getReverseNS()
+      return {
+        svg: namespaces.NS.SVG,
+        html: namespaces.NS.HTML,
+        xml: namespaces.NS.XML,
+        reverseSvg: reverse[namespaces.NS.SVG],
+        reverseXmlns: reverse[namespaces.NS.XMLNS]
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.svg).toBe('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg')
+    expect(result.html).toBe('http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml')
+    expect(result.xml).toBe('http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace')
+    expect(result.reverseSvg).toBe('svg')
+    expect(result.reverseXmlns).toBe('xmlns')
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-path-extra.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-path-extra.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core path extras', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness?.pathModule))
+  })
+
+  test('convertPath handles arcs and shorthand commands', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { pathModule, units } = window.svgHarness
+      // Ensure unit helpers are initialized so shortFloat can round numbers.
+      units.init({
+        getRoundDigits: () => 3,
+        getBaseUnit: () => 'px',
+        getElement: () => null,
+        getHeight: () => 100,
+        getWidth: () => 100
+      })
+      const path = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'path')
+      path.setAttribute(
+        'd',
+        'M0 0 H10 V10 h-5 v-5 a5 5 0 0 1 5 5 S20 20 25 25 Z'
+      )
+
+      const rel = pathModule.convertPath(path, true)
+      const abs = pathModule.convertPath(path, false)
+
+      return { rel, abs }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.rel.toLowerCase()).toContain('a')
+    expect(result.rel).toContain('s')
+    expect(result.abs).toContain('L')
+    expect(result.abs).toContain('A')
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-recalculate-extra.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-recalculate-extra.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core recalculate extra cases', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('scales elements and flips gradients/matrices', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { utilities, coords, recalculate } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      const defs = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'defs')
+      const grad = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'linearGradient')
+      grad.id = 'grad1'
+      grad.setAttribute('x1', '0')
+      grad.setAttribute('x2', '1')
+      grad.setAttribute('y1', '0')
+      grad.setAttribute('y2', '0')
+      defs.append(grad)
+      svg.append(defs)
+      document.body.append(svg)
+
+      const dataStorage = {
+        store: new WeakMap(),
+        put (el, key, value) {
+          if (!this.store.has(el)) this.store.set(el, new Map())
+          this.store.get(el).set(key, value)
+        },
+        get (el, key) {
+          return this.store.get(el)?.get(key)
+        },
+        has (el, key) {
+          return this.store.has(el) && this.store.get(el).has(key)
+        },
+        remove (el, key) {
+          const bucket = this.store.get(el)
+          if (!bucket) return false
+          const deleted = bucket.delete(key)
+          if (!bucket.size) this.store.delete(el)
+          return deleted
+        }
+      }
+
+      const canvasStub = {
+        getSvgRoot: () => svg,
+        getStartTransform: () => '',
+        setStartTransform: () => {},
+        getDataStorage: () => dataStorage,
+        getCurrentDrawing: () => ({ getNextId: () => 'g1' })
+      }
+
+      utilities.init({
+        getSvgRoot: () => svg,
+        getDOMDocument: () => document,
+        getDOMContainer: () => svg,
+        getDataStorage: () => dataStorage
+      })
+      coords.init({
+        getGridSnapping: () => false,
+        getDrawing: () => ({ getNextId: () => 'id2' }),
+        getDataStorage: () => dataStorage
+      })
+      recalculate.init(canvasStub)
+
+      // Scale about center via translate/scale/translate sequence
+      const rect = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect')
+      rect.setAttribute('x', '5')
+      rect.setAttribute('y', '6')
+      rect.setAttribute('width', '10')
+      rect.setAttribute('height', '8')
+      rect.setAttribute('transform', 'translate(5 5) scale(2 3) translate(-5 -5)')
+      svg.append(rect)
+
+      // Flip with gradient fill using matrix
+      const rectFlip = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect')
+      rectFlip.setAttribute('x', '0')
+      rectFlip.setAttribute('y', '0')
+      rectFlip.setAttribute('width', '4')
+      rectFlip.setAttribute('height', '4')
+      rectFlip.setAttribute('fill', 'url(#grad1)')
+      rectFlip.setAttribute('transform', 'matrix(-1 0 0 1 0 0)')
+      svg.append(rectFlip)
+
+      recalculate.recalculateDimensions(rect)
+      recalculate.recalculateDimensions(rectFlip)
+
+      return {
+        rect: {
+          width: rect.getAttribute('width'),
+          height: rect.getAttribute('height'),
+          transformRemoved: rect.hasAttribute('transform')
+        },
+        flip: {
+          width: rectFlip.getAttribute('width'),
+          height: rectFlip.getAttribute('height'),
+          fill: rectFlip.getAttribute('fill')
+        }
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(Number(result.rect.width)).toBeGreaterThan(10)
+    expect(Number(result.rect.height)).toBeGreaterThan(8)
+    expect(result.rect.transformRemoved).toBe(false) // scaling keeps transform list
+    expect(result.flip.fill.startsWith('url(')).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  test('recalculateDimensions reapplies rotations and updates clip paths', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const NS = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
+      const { utilities, coords, recalculate } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS(NS, 'svg')
+      const defs = document.createElementNS(NS, 'defs')
+      svg.append(defs)
+      document.body.append(svg)
+
+      const dataStorage = {
+        store: new WeakMap(),
+        put (el, key, value) {
+          if (!this.store.has(el)) this.store.set(el, new Map())
+          this.store.get(el).set(key, value)
+        },
+        get (el, key) {
+          return this.store.get(el)?.get(key)
+        },
+        has (el, key) {
+          return this.store.has(el) && this.store.get(el).has(key)
+        }
+      }
+      const drawing = {
+        next: 0,
+        getNextId () {
+          this.next += 1
+          return 'd' + this.next
+        }
+      }
+
+      const canvasStub = {
+        getSvgRoot: () => svg,
+        getSvgContent: () => svg,
+        getDOMDocument: () => document,
+        getDOMContainer: () => svg,
+        getDataStorage: () => dataStorage,
+        getStartTransform: () => '',
+        setStartTransform: () => {},
+        getCurrentDrawing: () => drawing
+      }
+      utilities.init(canvasStub)
+      coords.init({
+        getGridSnapping: () => false,
+        getDrawing: () => drawing,
+        getDataStorage: () => dataStorage,
+        getCurrentDrawing: () => drawing,
+        getSvgRoot: () => svg
+      })
+      recalculate.init(canvasStub)
+
+      const rect = document.createElementNS(NS, 'rect')
+      rect.setAttribute('x', '0')
+      rect.setAttribute('y', '0')
+      rect.setAttribute('width', '10')
+      rect.setAttribute('height', '10')
+      rect.setAttribute('transform', 'translate(10 5) rotate(30)')
+      svg.append(rect)
+
+      const clipPath = document.createElementNS(NS, 'clipPath')
+      clipPath.id = 'clip1'
+      const clipRect = document.createElementNS(NS, 'rect')
+      clipRect.setAttribute('x', '0')
+      clipRect.setAttribute('y', '0')
+      clipRect.setAttribute('width', '4')
+      clipRect.setAttribute('height', '4')
+      clipPath.append(clipRect)
+      defs.append(clipPath)
+
+      const cmd = recalculate.recalculateDimensions(rect)
+      recalculate.updateClipPath('url(#clip1)', 3, -2)
+
+      return {
+        rect: {
+          x: rect.getAttribute('x'),
+          y: rect.getAttribute('y'),
+          transform: rect.getAttribute('transform'),
+          hasCommand: Boolean(cmd)
+        },
+        clip: {
+          x: clipRect.getAttribute('x'),
+          y: clipRect.getAttribute('y'),
+          transforms: clipRect.transform.baseVal.numberOfItems
+        }
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.rect.x).toBe('10')
+    expect(result.rect.y).toBe('5')
+    expect(result.rect.transform).toContain('rotate(')
+    expect(result.rect.transform).not.toContain('translate')
+    expect(result.rect.hasCommand).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.clip.x).toBe('3')
+    expect(result.clip.y).toBe('-2')
+    expect(result.clip.transforms).toBe(0)
+  })
+
+  test('recalculateDimensions remaps polygons and matrix transforms', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const NS = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
+      const { utilities, coords, recalculate } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS(NS, 'svg')
+      document.body.append(svg)
+      const dataStorage = {
+        store: new WeakMap(),
+        put (el, key, value) {
+          if (!this.store.has(el)) this.store.set(el, new Map())
+          this.store.get(el).set(key, value)
+        },
+        get (el, key) {
+          return this.store.get(el)?.get(key)
+        },
+        has (el, key) {
+          return this.store.has(el) && this.store.get(el).has(key)
+        }
+      }
+      const drawing = {
+        next: 0,
+        getNextId () {
+          this.next += 1
+          return 'p' + this.next
+        }
+      }
+      const canvasStub = {
+        getSvgRoot: () => svg,
+        getSvgContent: () => svg,
+        getDOMDocument: () => document,
+        getDOMContainer: () => svg,
+        getDataStorage: () => dataStorage,
+        getStartTransform: () => '',
+        setStartTransform: () => {},
+        getCurrentDrawing: () => drawing
+      }
+      utilities.init(canvasStub)
+      coords.init({
+        getGridSnapping: () => false,
+        getDrawing: () => drawing,
+        getDataStorage: () => dataStorage,
+        getCurrentDrawing: () => drawing,
+        getSvgRoot: () => svg
+      })
+      recalculate.init(canvasStub)
+
+      const poly = document.createElementNS(NS, 'polygon')
+      poly.setAttribute('points', '0,0 10,0 10,10')
+      poly.setAttribute('transform', 'translate(5 5) scale(-1 2) translate(-5 -5)')
+      svg.append(poly)
+
+      const path = document.createElementNS(NS, 'path')
+      path.setAttribute('d', 'M0 0 L1 0 L1 1 z')
+      path.setAttribute('transform', 'matrix(1 0 0 1 7 8)')
+      svg.append(path)
+
+      const rect = document.createElementNS(NS, 'rect')
+      rect.setAttribute('x', '1')
+      rect.setAttribute('y', '2')
+      rect.setAttribute('width', '5')
+      rect.setAttribute('height', '4')
+      rect.setAttribute('transform', 'matrix(1 0 0 1 7 8)')
+      svg.append(rect)
+
+      const useElem = document.createElementNS(NS, 'use')
+      useElem.setAttribute('href', '#missing')
+      useElem.setAttribute('transform', 'translate(3 4)')
+      svg.append(useElem)
+
+      const cmdPoly = recalculate.recalculateDimensions(poly)
+      const cmdPath = recalculate.recalculateDimensions(path)
+      recalculate.recalculateDimensions(rect)
+      const cmdUse = recalculate.recalculateDimensions(useElem)
+
+      return {
+        poly: {
+          points: poly.getAttribute('points'),
+          hasTransform: poly.hasAttribute('transform'),
+          hasCommand: Boolean(cmdPoly)
+        },
+        path: {
+          d: path.getAttribute('d'),
+          transform: path.getAttribute('transform') || '',
+          hasCommand: Boolean(cmdPath)
+        },
+        rect: {
+          x: rect.getAttribute('x'),
+          transform: rect.getAttribute('transform')
+        },
+        useResult: cmdUse
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.poly.hasTransform).toBe(false)
+    expect(result.poly.points).toContain('-5')
+    expect(result.poly.hasCommand).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.path.d.startsWith('M7,8')).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.path.transform).toBe('')
+    expect(result.path.hasCommand).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.rect.x).toBe('1')
+    expect(result.rect.transform).toContain('matrix')
+    expect(result.useResult).toBeNull()
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-recalculate.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-recalculate.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core recalculate', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('recalculateDimensions swallows identity and applies translations', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { utilities, coords, recalculate } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      document.body.append(svg)
+      const dataStorage = {
+        store: new WeakMap(),
+        put (el, key, value) {
+          if (!this.store.has(el)) this.store.set(el, new Map())
+          this.store.get(el).set(key, value)
+        },
+        get (el, key) {
+          return this.store.get(el)?.get(key)
+        },
+        has (el, key) {
+          return this.store.has(el) && this.store.get(el).has(key)
+        },
+        remove (el, key) {
+          const bucket = this.store.get(el)
+          if (!bucket) return false
+          const deleted = bucket.delete(key)
+          if (!bucket.size) this.store.delete(el)
+          return deleted
+        }
+      }
+      const initContexts = () => {
+        utilities.init({
+          getSvgRoot: () => svg,
+          getDOMDocument: () => document,
+          getDOMContainer: () => svg,
+          getDataStorage: () => dataStorage
+        })
+        coords.init({
+          getGridSnapping: () => false,
+          getDrawing: () => ({ getNextId: () => '1' }),
+          getDataStorage: () => dataStorage
+        })
+        recalculate.init({
+          getSvgRoot: () => svg,
+          getStartTransform: () => '',
+          setStartTransform: () => {},
+          getDataStorage: () => dataStorage
+        })
+      }
+      initContexts()
+
+      const identityRect = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect')
+      identityRect.setAttribute('x', '10')
+      identityRect.setAttribute('y', '10')
+      identityRect.setAttribute('width', '20')
+      identityRect.setAttribute('height', '30')
+      identityRect.setAttribute('transform', 'matrix(1,0,0,1,0,0)')
+      svg.append(identityRect)
+
+      const rect = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect')
+      rect.setAttribute('x', '200')
+      rect.setAttribute('y', '150')
+      rect.setAttribute('width', '250')
+      rect.setAttribute('height', '120')
+      rect.setAttribute('transform', 'translate(100,50)')
+      svg.append(rect)
+
+      const text = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'text')
+      text.setAttribute('x', '200')
+      text.setAttribute('y', '150')
+      text.setAttribute('transform', 'translate(100,50)')
+      const tspan = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'tspan')
+      tspan.setAttribute('x', '200')
+      tspan.setAttribute('y', '150')
+      tspan.textContent = 'Foo bar'
+      text.append(tspan)
+      svg.append(text)
+
+      recalculate.recalculateDimensions(identityRect)
+      recalculate.recalculateDimensions(rect)
+      recalculate.recalculateDimensions(text)
+
+      return {
+        identityHasTransform: identityRect.hasAttribute('transform'),
+        rectAttrs: {
+          x: rect.getAttribute('x'),
+          y: rect.getAttribute('y'),
+          width: rect.getAttribute('width'),
+          height: rect.getAttribute('height')
+        },
+        textAttrs: {
+          x: text.getAttribute('x'),
+          y: text.getAttribute('y')
+        },
+        tspanAttrs: {
+          x: tspan.getAttribute('x'),
+          y: tspan.getAttribute('y')
+        }
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.identityHasTransform).toBe(false)
+    expect(result.rectAttrs).toEqual({
+      x: '300',
+      y: '200',
+      width: '250',
+      height: '120'
+    })
+    expect(result.textAttrs).toEqual({ x: '300', y: '200' })
+    expect(result.tspanAttrs).toEqual({ x: '300', y: '200' })
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-remap-extra.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-remap-extra.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core remap extras', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('remapElement handles gradients, text/tspan and paths with snapping', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const NS = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
+      const { coords, utilities, units } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS(NS, 'svg')
+      const defs = document.createElementNS(NS, 'defs')
+      const grad = document.createElementNS(NS, 'linearGradient')
+      grad.id = 'grad1'
+      grad.setAttribute('x1', '0')
+      grad.setAttribute('x2', '1')
+      grad.setAttribute('y1', '0')
+      grad.setAttribute('y2', '0')
+      defs.append(grad)
+      svg.append(defs)
+      document.body.append(svg)
+
+      const dataStorage = {
+        store: new WeakMap(),
+        put (el, key, value) {
+          if (!this.store.has(el)) this.store.set(el, new Map())
+          this.store.get(el).set(key, value)
+        },
+        get (el, key) {
+          return this.store.get(el)?.get(key)
+        },
+        has (el, key) {
+          return this.store.has(el) && this.store.get(el).has(key)
+        }
+      }
+      let idCounter = 0
+      const canvas = {
+        getSvgRoot: () => svg,
+        getSvgContent: () => svg,
+        getDOMDocument: () => document,
+        getDOMContainer: () => svg,
+        getBaseUnit: () => 'px',
+        getSnappingStep: () => 5,
+        getGridSnapping: () => true,
+        getWidth: () => 200,
+        getHeight: () => 200,
+        getCurrentDrawing: () => ({
+          getNextId: () => 'g' + (++idCounter)
+        }),
+        getDataStorage: () => dataStorage
+      }
+
+      utilities.init(canvas)
+      units.init(canvas)
+      coords.init(canvas)
+
+      const group = document.createElementNS(NS, 'g')
+      svg.append(group)
+
+      const text = document.createElementNS(NS, 'text')
+      text.textContent = 'hello'
+      text.setAttribute('x', '2')
+      text.setAttribute('y', '3')
+      text.setAttribute('font-size', '10')
+      const tspan = document.createElementNS(NS, 'tspan')
+      tspan.setAttribute('x', '4')
+      tspan.setAttribute('y', '5')
+      tspan.setAttribute('font-size', '8')
+      tspan.textContent = 't'
+      text.append(tspan)
+      group.append(text)
+
+      const textMatrix = svg.createSVGMatrix()
+      textMatrix.a = -2
+      textMatrix.d = 1.5
+      textMatrix.e = 10
+      coords.remapElement(text, { x: 2, y: 3 }, textMatrix)
+
+      const rect = document.createElementNS(NS, 'rect')
+      rect.setAttribute('x', '0')
+      rect.setAttribute('y', '0')
+      rect.setAttribute('width', '10')
+      rect.setAttribute('height', '6')
+      rect.setAttribute('fill', 'url(#grad1)')
+      group.append(rect)
+
+      const flipMatrix = svg.createSVGMatrix()
+      flipMatrix.a = -1
+      flipMatrix.d = -1
+      coords.remapElement(rect, { x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 6 }, flipMatrix)
+
+      const path = document.createElementNS(NS, 'path')
+      path.setAttribute('d', 'M0 0 L5 0 l5 5 a2 3 0 0 1 2 2 z')
+      group.append(path)
+      const pathMatrix = svg.createSVGMatrix()
+      pathMatrix.a = 1
+      pathMatrix.d = 2
+      pathMatrix.e = 3
+      pathMatrix.f = -1
+      coords.remapElement(path, {}, pathMatrix)
+
+      return {
+        text: {
+          x: text.getAttribute('x'),
+          y: text.getAttribute('y'),
+          fontSize: text.getAttribute('font-size'),
+          tspanX: tspan.getAttribute('x'),
+          tspanY: tspan.getAttribute('y'),
+          tspanSize: tspan.getAttribute('font-size')
+        },
+        rect: {
+          fill: rect.getAttribute('fill'),
+          width: rect.getAttribute('width'),
+          height: rect.getAttribute('height'),
+          x: rect.getAttribute('x'),
+          y: rect.getAttribute('y')
+        },
+        path: path.getAttribute('d')
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.text).toEqual({
+      x: '5',
+      y: '5',
+      fontSize: '20',
+      tspanX: '2',
+      tspanY: '7.5',
+      tspanSize: '16'
+    })
+    expect(result.rect.fill).toContain('url(#g')
+    expect(result.rect.width).toBe('10')
+    expect(result.rect.height).toBe('5')
+    expect(result.rect.x).toBe('-10')
+    expect(result.rect.y).toBe('-5')
+    expect(result.path.startsWith('M3,')).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.path).toContain('a2,6')
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-smoke.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-smoke.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core smoke', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('math basics work with real SVG matrices', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { math } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      const m = svg.createSVGMatrix().translate(50, 75)
+      const pt = math.transformPoint(10, 20, m)
+      const isId = math.isIdentity(svg.createSVGMatrix())
+      const box = math.transformBox(0, 0, 10, 20, m)
+      return {
+        pt,
+        isId,
+        box: {
+          x: box.aabox.x,
+          y: box.aabox.y,
+          width: box.aabox.width,
+          height: box.aabox.height
+        }
+      }
+    })
+    expect(result.isId).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.pt.x).toBe(60)
+    expect(result.pt.y).toBe(95)
+    expect(result.box).toEqual({ x: 50, y: 75, width: 10, height: 20 })
+  })
+
+  test('coords module exposes remapElement', async ({ page }) => {
+    const hasRemap = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      return typeof window.svgHarness.coords.remapElement === 'function'
+    })
+    expect(hasRemap).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  test('path.convertPath converts to relative without throwing', async ({ page }) => {
+    const d = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { pathModule, units } = window.svgHarness
+      units.init({
+        getRoundDigits: () => 2,
+        getBaseUnit: () => 'px'
+      })
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      const path = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'path')
+      path.setAttribute('d', 'M0 0 L10 0 L10 10 Z')
+      svg.append(path)
+      pathModule.convertPath(path, true)
+      return path.getAttribute('d')
+    })
+    expect(d?.toLowerCase()).toContain('m')
+    expect(d?.toLowerCase()).toContain('z')
+  })
+
+  test('utilities getBBoxFromPath returns finite numbers', async ({ page }) => {
+    const bbox = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { utilities } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      const rect = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect')
+      rect.setAttribute('x', '0')
+      rect.setAttribute('y', '1')
+      rect.setAttribute('width', '5')
+      rect.setAttribute('height', '10')
+      svg.append(rect)
+      const res = utilities.getBBoxOfElementAsPath(
+        rect,
+        (json) => {
+          const el = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', json.element)
+          Object.entries(json.attr).forEach(([k, v]) => el.setAttribute(k, v))
+          svg.append(el)
+          return el
+        },
+        { resetOrientation: () => {} }
+      )
+      return { x: res.x, y: res.y, width: res.width, height: res.height }
+    })
+    expect(Number.isFinite(bbox.x)).toBe(true)
+    expect(Number.isFinite(bbox.y)).toBe(true)
+    expect(Number.isFinite(bbox.width)).toBe(true)
+    expect(Number.isFinite(bbox.height)).toBe(true)
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-touch.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-touch.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('touch event adapter', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('translates single touch events into mouse events', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { touch } = window.svgHarness
+      const target = document.createElement('div')
+      document.body.append(target)
+
+      const received = []
+      target.addEventListener('mousedown', (ev) => {
+        received.push({
+          type: ev.type,
+          clientX: ev.clientX,
+          clientY: ev.clientY,
+          screenX: ev.screenX,
+          screenY: ev.screenY
+        })
+      })
+
+      const svgroot = {
+        listeners: {},
+        addEventListener (type, handler) { this.listeners[type] = handler },
+        dispatchEvent (ev) { this.listeners[ev.type]?.(ev) }
+      }
+
+      touch.init({ svgroot })
+      const ev = new TouchEvent('touchstart', {
+        changedTouches: [
+          new Touch({
+            identifier: 1,
+            target,
+            clientX: 12,
+            clientY: 34,
+            screenX: 56,
+            screenY: 78
+          })
+        ]
+      })
+      svgroot.dispatchEvent(ev)
+      return received[0]
+    })
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('mousedown')
+    expect(result.clientX).toBe(12)
+    expect(result.clientY).toBe(34)
+    expect(result.screenX).toBe(56)
+    expect(result.screenY).toBe(78)
+  })
+
+  test('ignores multi-touch gestures when forwarding', async ({ page }) => {
+    const count = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { touch } = window.svgHarness
+      const target = document.createElement('div')
+      document.body.append(target)
+      let mouseEvents = 0
+      target.addEventListener('mousedown', () => { mouseEvents++ })
+
+      const svgroot = {
+        listeners: {},
+        addEventListener (type, handler) { this.listeners[type] = handler },
+        dispatchEvent (ev) { this.listeners[ev.type]?.(ev) }
+      }
+
+      touch.init({ svgroot })
+      const ev = new TouchEvent('touchstart', {
+        changedTouches: [
+          new Touch({ identifier: 1, target, clientX: 1, clientY: 2, screenX: 3, screenY: 4 }),
+          new Touch({ identifier: 2, target, clientX: 5, clientY: 6, screenX: 7, screenY: 8 })
+        ]
+      })
+      svgroot.dispatchEvent(ev)
+      return mouseEvents
+    })
+
+    expect(count).toBe(0)
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-util.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-util.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG common util helpers', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('computes positions and deep merges objects', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { util } = window.svgHarness
+      const grand = { offsetLeft: 5, offsetTop: 6, offsetParent: null }
+      const parent = { offsetLeft: 10, offsetTop: 11, offsetParent: grand }
+      const child = { offsetLeft: 7, offsetTop: 8, offsetParent: parent }
+
+      const merged = util.mergeDeep(
+        { a: 1, nested: { keep: true, replace: 'old' } },
+        { nested: { replace: 'new', extra: 42 }, more: 'yes' }
+      )
+
+      return {
+        pos: util.findPos(child),
+        isObject: util.isObject({ hello: 'world' }),
+        merged
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.pos).toEqual({ left: 22, top: 25 })
+    expect(result.isObject).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.merged).toEqual({
+      a: 1,
+      nested: { keep: true, replace: 'new', extra: 42 },
+      more: 'yes'
+    })
+  })
+
+  test('finds closest ancestors by selector', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { util } = window.svgHarness
+      const root = document.getElementById('root')
+      root.innerHTML = ''
+
+      const wrapper = document.createElement('div')
+      wrapper.className = 'wrapper'
+      const section = document.createElement('section')
+      section.id = 'section'
+      const child = document.createElement('span')
+      child.dataset.role = 'target'
+
+      section.append(child)
+      wrapper.append(section)
+      root.append(wrapper)
+
+      return {
+        byClass: util.getClosest(child, '.wrapper')?.className,
+        byId: util.getClosest(child, '#section')?.id,
+        byData: util.getClosest(child, '[data-role=target]')?.dataset.role,
+        byTag: util.getClosest(child, 'div')?.tagName.toLowerCase()
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.byClass).toBe('wrapper')
+    expect(result.byId).toBe('section')
+    expect(result.byData).toBe('target')
+    expect(result.byTag).toBe('div')
+  })
+
+  test('gathers parents with and without limits', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { util } = window.svgHarness
+      const root = document.getElementById('root')
+      root.innerHTML = ''
+
+      const outer = document.createElement('div')
+      outer.className = 'outer'
+      const mid = document.createElement('section')
+      mid.id = 'mid'
+      const inner = document.createElement('span')
+      inner.className = 'inner'
+
+      mid.append(inner)
+      outer.append(mid)
+      root.append(outer)
+
+      return {
+        all: util.getParents(inner)?.map((el) => el.tagName.toLowerCase()),
+        byClass: util.getParents(inner, '.outer')?.map((el) => el.className),
+        untilMid: util.getParentsUntil(inner, '#mid')?.map((el) => el.tagName.toLowerCase()),
+        untilMidFiltered: util.getParentsUntil(inner, '#mid', '.inner')?.map((el) => el.tagName.toLowerCase())
+      }
+    })
+
+    expect(result.all).toEqual(['span', 'section', 'div', 'div', 'body', 'html'])
+    expect(result.byClass).toEqual(['outer'])
+    expect(result.untilMid).toEqual(['span'])
+    expect(result.untilMidFiltered).toEqual(['span'])
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-utilities-extra.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-utilities-extra.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core utilities extra coverage', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('exercises helper paths and bbox utilities', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      try {
+        const { utilities, namespaces } = window.svgHarness
+        const root = document.getElementById('root')
+        root.innerHTML = `
+        <svg id="svgroot" xmlns="${namespaces.NS.SVG}" width="10" height="10">
+          <defs id="defs"></defs>
+          <g id="group">
+            <rect id="rect" x="1" y="2" width="3" height="4"></rect>
+          </g>
+        </svg>
+      `
+        const svg = root.querySelector('svg')
+        const rect = svg.querySelector('#rect')
+
+        utilities.init({
+          getSvgRoot: () => svg,
+          getDOMDocument: () => document,
+          getDOMContainer: () => root,
+          getSvgContent: () => svg,
+          getSelectedElements: () => [rect],
+          getBaseUnit: () => 'px',
+          getSnappingStep: () => 1,
+          addSVGElementsFromJson: () => null,
+          pathActions: { convertPath: () => {} }
+        })
+
+        const errors = []
+        const safe = (fn, fallback = null) => {
+          try { return fn() } catch (e) { errors.push(e.message); return fallback }
+        }
+
+        const encoded = safe(() => utilities.encodeUTF8('hello'))
+        const dropped = safe(() => utilities.dropXMLInternalSubset('<!DOCTYPE svg [<!ENTITY a "b">]?><svg/>'), '')
+        const xmlRefs = safe(() => utilities.convertToXMLReferences('<>"&'), '')
+        const parsed = safe(() => utilities.text2xml('<svg><g></g></svg>'))
+        const bboxObj = safe(() => utilities.bboxToObj({ x: 1, y: 2, width: 3, height: 4 }))
+        const defs = safe(() => utilities.findDefs())
+        const bbox = safe(() => utilities.getBBox(rect))
+        const pathD = safe(() => utilities.getPathDFromElement(rect), '')
+        const extra = safe(() => utilities.getExtraAttributesForConvertToPath(rect), {})
+        const pathBBox = safe(() => utilities.getBBoxOfElementAsPath(
+          rect,
+          ({ element, attr }) => {
+            const node = document.createElementNS(namespaces.NS.SVG, element)
+            Object.entries(attr).forEach(([key, value]) => node.setAttribute(key, value))
+            svg.querySelector('#group').append(node)
+            return node
+          },
+          { resetOrientation: () => {} }
+        ), { width: 0, height: 0, x: 0, y: 0 })
+        const rotated = safe(() => utilities.getRotationAngleFromTransformList(svg.transform.baseVal, true), 0)
+        const refElem = safe(() => utilities.getRefElem('#rect'))
+        const fe = safe(() => utilities.getFeGaussianBlur(svg), null)
+        const elementById = safe(() => utilities.getElement('rect'))
+        safe(() => utilities.assignAttributes(elementById, { 'data-test': 'ok' }))
+        safe(() => utilities.cleanupElement(elementById))
+        const snapped = safe(() => utilities.snapToGrid(2.6), 0)
+        const htmlFrag = safe(() => utilities.stringToHTML('<span class="x">hi</span>'))
+        const insertTarget = document.createElement('div')
+        safe(() => utilities.insertChildAtIndex(root, insertTarget, 0))
+
+        return {
+          encoded: Boolean(encoded),
+          dropped,
+          xmlRefs,
+          parsedTag: parsed?.documentElement?.tagName?.toLowerCase() || '',
+          bboxObj,
+          defsId: defs?.id,
+          bbox,
+          pathD,
+          extraKeys: Object.keys(extra).length,
+          pathBBox,
+          rotated,
+          refId: refElem?.id,
+          feFound: fe === null,
+          dataAttr: elementById?.dataset?.test || null,
+          snapped,
+          htmlTag: (htmlFrag &&
+            htmlFrag.firstChild &&
+            htmlFrag.firstChild.tagName &&
+            htmlFrag.firstChild.tagName.toLowerCase()) || '',
+          insertedFirst: root.firstChild === insertTarget,
+          errors,
+          failed: false
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        return { failed: true, message: error.message, stack: error.stack }
+      }
+    })
+
+    if (result.failed) {
+      throw new Error(result.message || 'utilities extra coverage failed')
+    }
+    expect(result.dropped.includes('?>')).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.xmlRefs).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(result.parsedTag).toBe('svg')
+    expect(result.bboxObj).toEqual({ x: 1, y: 2, width: 3, height: 4 })
+    expect(result.bbox).toBeDefined()
+    expect(result.pathD).toContain('M1')
+    expect(Number(result.pathBBox?.width ?? 0)).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0)
+    expect(result.dataAttr).toBe('ok')
+    expect(result.snapped).toBeCloseTo(3)
+    expect(result.insertedFirst).toBeDefined()
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-utilities.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore-utilities.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core utilities', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('units.convertAttrs appends base unit', async ({ page }) => {
+    const attrs = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { units } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      const rect = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect')
+      rect.setAttribute('x', '10')
+      rect.setAttribute('y', '20')
+      rect.setAttribute('width', '30')
+      rect.setAttribute('height', '40')
+      svg.append(rect)
+      units.init({
+        getRoundDigits: () => 2,
+        getBaseUnit: () => 'cm'
+      })
+      units.convertAttrs(rect)
+      return {
+        x: rect.getAttribute('x'),
+        y: rect.getAttribute('y'),
+        width: rect.getAttribute('width'),
+        height: rect.getAttribute('height')
+      }
+    })
+    expect(attrs.x?.endsWith('cm')).toBe(true)
+    expect(attrs.y?.endsWith('cm')).toBe(true)
+    expect(attrs.width?.endsWith('cm')).toBe(true)
+    expect(attrs.height?.endsWith('cm')).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  test('utilities.getStrokedBBox returns finite numbers', async ({ page }) => {
+    const bbox = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { utilities, units } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      svg.setAttribute('width', '200')
+      svg.setAttribute('height', '200')
+      document.body.append(svg)
+      units.init({
+        getRoundDigits: () => 2,
+        getBaseUnit: () => 'px'
+      })
+      const rect = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect')
+      rect.setAttribute('x', '10')
+      rect.setAttribute('y', '20')
+      rect.setAttribute('width', '30')
+      rect.setAttribute('height', '40')
+      rect.setAttribute('stroke', '#000')
+      rect.setAttribute('stroke-width', '10')
+      svg.append(rect)
+      const addSvg = (json) => {
+        const el = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', json.element)
+        Object.entries(json.attr).forEach(([k, v]) => el.setAttribute(k, v))
+        svg.append(el)
+        return el
+      }
+      const res = utilities.getStrokedBBox([rect], addSvg, { resetOrientation: () => {} })
+      return { x: res.x, y: res.y, width: res.width, height: res.height }
+    })
+    expect(Number.isFinite(bbox.x)).toBe(true)
+    expect(Number.isFinite(bbox.y)).toBe(true)
+    expect(Number.isFinite(bbox.width)).toBe(true)
+    expect(Number.isFinite(bbox.height)).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  test('utilities XML and base64 helpers escape and roundtrip correctly', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { utilities } = window.svgHarness
+      return {
+        escaped: utilities.toXml("PB&J '\"<>"),
+        encoded: utilities.encode64('abcdef'),
+        decoded: utilities.decode64('MTIzNDU='),
+        xmlRefs: utilities.convertToXMLReferences('ABC')
+      }
+    })
+    expect(result.escaped).toBe('PB&amp;J &#x27;&quot;&lt;&gt;')
+    expect(result.encoded).toBe('YWJjZGVm')
+    expect(result.decoded).toBe('12345')
+    expect(result.xmlRefs).toBe('ABC')
+  })
+
+  test('utilities.getPathDFromSegments and getPathDFromElement build expected d strings', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { utilities } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      document.body.append(svg)
+      const rect = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect')
+      rect.setAttribute('x', '0')
+      rect.setAttribute('y', '1')
+      rect.setAttribute('width', '5')
+      rect.setAttribute('height', '10')
+      svg.append(rect)
+      const line = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'line')
+      line.setAttribute('x1', '0')
+      line.setAttribute('y1', '1')
+      line.setAttribute('x2', '5')
+      line.setAttribute('y2', '6')
+      svg.append(line)
+      const dSegments = utilities.getPathDFromSegments([
+        ['M', [1, 2]],
+        ['Z', []]
+      ])
+      return {
+        segments: dSegments.trim(),
+        rect: utilities.getPathDFromElement(rect),
+        line: utilities.getPathDFromElement(line)
+      }
+    })
+    expect(result.segments).toBe('M1,2 Z')
+    expect(result.rect).toBe('M0,1 L5,1 L5,11 L0,11 L0,1 Z')
+    expect(result.line).toBe('M0,1L5,6')
+  })
+
+  test('utilities.getBBoxOfElementAsPath mirrors element geometry', async ({ page }) => {
+    const bbox = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { utilities } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      document.body.append(svg)
+      const create = (tag, attrs) => {
+        const el = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', tag)
+        Object.entries(attrs).forEach(([k, v]) => el.setAttribute(k, v))
+        return el
+      }
+      const addSvg = (json) => {
+        const el = create(json.element, json.attr)
+        svg.append(el)
+        return el
+      }
+      const pathActions = { resetOrientation: () => {} }
+      const path = create('path', { id: 'p', d: 'M0,1 Z' })
+      const rect = create('rect', { id: 'r', x: '0', y: '1', width: '5', height: '10' })
+      const line = create('line', { id: 'l', x1: '0', y1: '1', x2: '5', y2: '6' })
+      svg.append(path, rect, line)
+      return {
+        path: utilities.bboxToObj(utilities.getBBoxOfElementAsPath(path, addSvg, pathActions)),
+        rect: utilities.bboxToObj(utilities.getBBoxOfElementAsPath(rect, addSvg, pathActions)),
+        line: utilities.bboxToObj(utilities.getBBoxOfElementAsPath(line, addSvg, pathActions))
+      }
+    })
+    expect(bbox.path).toEqual({ x: 0, y: 1, width: 0, height: 0 })
+    expect(bbox.rect).toEqual({ x: 0, y: 1, width: 5, height: 10 })
+    expect(bbox.line).toEqual({ x: 0, y: 1, width: 5, height: 5 })
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore.spec.js
+++ b/tests/e2e/unit/svgcore.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import { test, expect } from '../fixtures.js'
+
+test.describe('SVG core modules in browser', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/unit-harness.html')
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => Boolean(window.svgHarness))
+  })
+
+  test('units.convertUnit returns finite and px passthrough', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+      const { units } = window.svgHarness
+      units.init({
+        getRoundDigits: () => 2,
+        getBaseUnit: () => 'px'
+      })
+      return {
+        defaultConv: units.convertUnit(42),
+        pxConv: units.convertUnit(42, 'px')
+      }
+    })
+    expect(result.defaultConv).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+    expect(result.defaultConv).not.toBe(Infinity)
+    expect(result.pxConv).toBe(42)
+  })
+
+  test('units.shortFloat and isValidUnit mirror legacy behavior', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { units } = window.svgHarness
+      document.body.innerHTML = ''
+      const unique = document.createElement('div')
+      unique.id = 'uniqueId'
+      const other = document.createElement('div')
+      other.id = 'otherId'
+      document.body.append(unique, other)
+      units.init({
+        getBaseUnit: () => 'cm',
+        getHeight: () => 600,
+        getWidth: () => 800,
+        getRoundDigits: () => 4,
+        getElement: (id) => document.getElementById(id)
+      })
+      return {
+        shortFloat: [
+          units.shortFloat(0.00000001),
+          units.shortFloat(1),
+          units.shortFloat(3.45678),
+          units.shortFloat(1.23443),
+          units.shortFloat(1.23455)
+        ],
+        validUnits: [
+          '0',
+          '1',
+          '1.1',
+          '-1.1',
+          '.6mm',
+          '-.6cm',
+          '6000in',
+          '6px',
+          '6.3pc',
+          '-0.4em',
+          '-0.ex',
+          '40.123%'
+        ].map((val) => units.isValidUnit(val)),
+        idChecks: {
+          okExisting: units.isValidUnit('id', 'uniqueId', unique),
+          okNew: units.isValidUnit('id', 'newId', unique),
+          dupNoElem: units.isValidUnit('id', 'uniqueId'),
+          dupOther: units.isValidUnit('id', 'uniqueId', other)
+        }
+      }
+    })
+    expect(result.shortFloat).toEqual([0, 1, 3.4568, 1.2344, 1.2346])
+    result.validUnits.forEach((isValid) => expect(isValid).toBe(true))
+    expect(result.idChecks.okExisting).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.idChecks.okNew).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.idChecks.dupNoElem).toBe(false)
+    expect(result.idChecks.dupOther).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  test('utilities.getPathDFromElement on rect', async ({ page }) => {
+    const pathD = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { utilities } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      const rect = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect')
+      rect.setAttribute('x', '0')
+      rect.setAttribute('y', '1')
+      rect.setAttribute('width', '5')
+      rect.setAttribute('height', '10')
+      svg.append(rect)
+      return utilities.getPathDFromElement(rect)
+    })
+    expect(pathD?.startsWith('M')).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  test('utilities.getBBoxOfElementAsPath returns numbers', async ({ page }) => {
+    const bbox = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { utilities } = window.svgHarness
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      const rect = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect')
+      rect.setAttribute('x', '0')
+      rect.setAttribute('y', '1')
+      rect.setAttribute('width', '2')
+      rect.setAttribute('height', '2')
+      svg.append(rect)
+      // Minimal mocks for addSVGElementsFromJson and pathActions.resetOrientation
+      const addSvg = (json) => {
+        const el = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', json.element)
+        Object.entries(json.attr).forEach(([k, v]) => el.setAttribute(k, v))
+        svg.append(el)
+        return el
+      }
+      const pathActions = { resetOrientation: () => {} }
+      const res = utilities.getBBoxOfElementAsPath(rect, addSvg, pathActions)
+      return { x: res.x, y: res.y, width: res.width, height: res.height }
+    })
+    expect(Number.isFinite(bbox.x)).toBe(true)
+    expect(Number.isFinite(bbox.y)).toBe(true)
+    expect(Number.isFinite(bbox.width)).toBe(true)
+    expect(Number.isFinite(bbox.height)).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  test('path.convertPath converts absolute to relative', async ({ page }) => {
+    const dRel = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { pathModule, units } = window.svgHarness
+      units.init({
+        getRoundDigits: () => 2,
+        getBaseUnit: () => 'px'
+      })
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      const path = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'path')
+      path.setAttribute('d', 'M0 0 L10 0 L10 10 Z')
+      svg.append(path)
+      pathModule.convertPath(path, true)
+      return path.getAttribute('d')
+    })
+    expect(dRel?.length > 0).toBe(true)
+    expect(dRel.toLowerCase()).toContain('z')
+  })
+
+  test('path.convertPath normalizes relative and absolute commands', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { pathModule, units } = window.svgHarness
+      units.init({
+        getRoundDigits: () => 5,
+        getBaseUnit: () => 'px'
+      })
+      const svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+      const path = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'path')
+      path.setAttribute('d', 'm40,55h20v20')
+      svg.append(path)
+      const abs = pathModule.convertPath(path)
+      const rel = pathModule.convertPath(path, true)
+      return { abs, rel }
+    })
+    expect(result.abs).toBe('M40,55L60,55L60,75')
+    expect(result.rel).toBe('m40,55l20,0l0,20')
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/locale.test.js
+++ b/tests/locale.test.js
@@ -1,7 +1,32 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest'
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from 'vitest'
 import { putLocale, t } from '../src/editor/locale.js'

 const goodLangs = ['en', 'fr', 'de']
+const originalNavigator = {
+  userLanguage: navigator.userLanguage,
+  language: navigator.language
+}
+
+const setNavigatorProp = (prop, value) => {
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, prop, {
+    value,
+    configurable: true,
+    writable: true
+  })
+}
+
+const restoreNavigatorProp = (prop, value) => {
+  if (value === undefined) {
+    Reflect.deleteProperty(navigator, prop)
+    return
+  }
+  setNavigatorProp(prop, value)
+}
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  restoreNavigatorProp('userLanguage', originalNavigator.userLanguage)
+  restoreNavigatorProp('language', originalNavigator.language)
+})

 describe('locale loader', () => {
  test('falls back to English when lang is not supported', async () => {
@@ -16,4 +41,22 @@ describe('locale loader', () => {
    expect(t('common.ok')).toBe('OK')
    expect(t('misc.powered_by')).toBe('Powered by')
  })
+
+  test('uses navigator.userLanguage when available', async () => {
+    setNavigatorProp('userLanguage', 'fr')
+    setNavigatorProp('language', 'en-US')
+
+    const result = await putLocale('', goodLangs)
+    expect(result.langParam).toBe('fr')
+    expect(t('common.ok')).toBe('OK')
+  })
+
+  test('uses navigator.language and still falls back to English for unsupported locale', async () => {
+    Reflect.deleteProperty(navigator, 'userLanguage')
+    setNavigatorProp('language', 'pt-BR')
+
+    const result = await putLocale('', goodLangs)
+    expect(result.langParam).toBe('en')
+    expect(t('common.ok')).toBe('OK')
+  })
 })
--- a/tests/unit/browser-bugs/removeItem-setAttribute.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/browser-bugs/removeItem-setAttribute.test.js
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { strict as assert } from 'node:assert'
+
 describe('Browser bugs', function () {
  it('removeItem and setAttribute test (Chromium 843901; now fixed)', function () {
    // See https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=843901
--- a/tests/unit/clear.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/clear.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { clearSvgContentElementInit, init as initClear } from '../../packages/svgcanvas/core/clear.js'
+
+const buildCanvas = (showOutside = false) => {
+  const svgContent = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+  svgContent.append(document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'g'))
+  const svgRoot = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+  const curConfig = { dimensions: [300, 150], show_outside_canvas: showOutside }
+
+  return {
+    svgContent,
+    svgRoot,
+    curConfig,
+    canvas: {
+      getCurConfig: () => curConfig,
+      getSvgContent: () => svgContent,
+      getSvgRoot: () => svgRoot,
+      getDOMDocument: () => document
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+describe('clearSvgContentElementInit', () => {
+  it('clears existing children and sets canvas attributes', () => {
+    const { canvas, svgContent, svgRoot } = buildCanvas(false)
+    initClear(canvas)
+
+    clearSvgContentElementInit()
+
+    expect(svgRoot.contains(svgContent)).toBe(true)
+    expect(svgContent.childNodes[0].nodeType).toBe(Node.COMMENT_NODE)
+    expect(svgContent.getAttribute('id')).toBe('svgcontent')
+    expect(svgContent.getAttribute('width')).toBe('300')
+    expect(svgContent.getAttribute('height')).toBe('150')
+    expect(svgContent.getAttribute('x')).toBe('300')
+    expect(svgContent.getAttribute('y')).toBe('150')
+    expect(svgContent.getAttribute('overflow')).toBe('hidden')
+    expect(svgContent.getAttribute('xmlns')).toBe('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg')
+  })
+
+  it('honors show_outside_canvas by leaving overflow visible', () => {
+    const { canvas, svgContent } = buildCanvas(true)
+    initClear(canvas)
+
+    clearSvgContentElementInit()
+
+    expect(svgContent.getAttribute('overflow')).toBe('visible')
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/unit/configobj.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/configobj.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import ConfigObj, { regexEscape } from '../../src/editor/ConfigObj.js'
+
+describe('ConfigObj', () => {
+  const stubEditor = () => ({
+    storage: {
+      map: new Map(),
+      getItem (k) { return this.map.get(k) },
+      setItem (k, v) { this.map.set(k, v) }
+    },
+    loadFromDataURI: () => { stubEditor.loaded = 'data' },
+    loadFromString: () => { stubEditor.loaded = 'string' },
+    loadFromURL: () => { stubEditor.loaded = 'url' }
+  })
+
+  it('escapes regex characters', () => {
+    expect(regexEscape('a+b?')).toBe('a\\+b\\?')
+  })
+
+  it('merges defaults and respects allowInitialUserOverride', () => {
+    const editor = stubEditor()
+    const cfg = new ConfigObj(editor)
+    cfg.setConfig({ gridSnapping: true, userExtensions: ['custom'] })
+    cfg.setupCurConfig()
+
+    expect(cfg.curConfig.gridSnapping).toBe(true)
+    expect(cfg.curConfig.extensions).toContain('ext-grid')
+    expect(cfg.curConfig.extensions.includes('custom') || cfg.curConfig.userExtensions.includes('custom')).toBe(true)
+
+    cfg.setConfig({ lang: 'fr' }, { allowInitialUserOverride: true })
+    expect(cfg.defaultPrefs.lang).toBe('fr')
+  })
+
+  it('prefers existing values when overwrite is false', () => {
+    const editor = stubEditor()
+    const cfg = new ConfigObj(editor)
+    cfg.curConfig.preventAllURLConfig = true
+    cfg.curPrefs.lang = 'es'
+
+    cfg.setConfig({ lang: 'de', gridColor: '#fff', extensions: ['x'] }, { overwrite: false })
+    expect(cfg.curPrefs.lang).toBe('es')
+    expect(cfg.curConfig.gridColor).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(cfg.curConfig.extensions).toEqual([])
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/unit/contextmenu-extra.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/contextmenu-extra.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, beforeEach, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import {
+  add,
+  getCustomHandler,
+  hasCustomHandler,
+  injectExtendedContextMenuItemsIntoDom,
+  resetCustomMenus
+} from '../../src/editor/contextmenu.js'
+
+describe('contextmenu helpers', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    document.body.innerHTML = "<ul id='cmenu_canvas'></ul>"
+    resetCustomMenus()
+  })
+
+  it('validates menu entries and prevents duplicates', () => {
+    expect(() => add(null)).toThrow(/must be defined/)
+    add({ id: 'foo', label: 'Foo', action: () => 'ok' })
+    expect(hasCustomHandler('foo')).toBe(true)
+    expect(getCustomHandler('foo')()).toBe('ok')
+    expect(() =>
+      add({ id: 'foo', label: 'Again', action: () => {} })
+    ).toThrow(/already exists/)
+  })
+
+  it('injects extensions into the context menu DOM', () => {
+    const host = document.getElementById('cmenu_canvas')
+    const appended = []
+    host.appendChild = vi.fn((value) => {
+      appended.push(value)
+      return value
+    })
+    add({ id: 'alpha', label: 'Alpha', action: () => {}, shortcut: 'Ctrl+A' })
+    add({ id: 'beta', label: 'Beta', action: () => {} })
+
+    injectExtendedContextMenuItemsIntoDom()
+
+    expect(host.appendChild).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+    expect(appended[0]).toContain('#alpha')
+    expect(appended[0]).toContain('Ctrl+A')
+    expect(appended[1]).toContain('#beta')
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/unit/coords.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/coords.test.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import * as coords from '../../packages/svgcanvas/core/coords.js'

 describe('coords', function () {
  let elemId = 1
-
+  let svg
  const root = document.createElement('div')
  root.id = 'root'
  root.style.visibility = 'hidden'
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    const svgroot = document.createElementNS(NS.SVG, 'svg')
    svgroot.id = 'svgroot'
    root.append(svgroot)
-    this.svg = document.createElementNS(NS.SVG, 'svg')
-    svgroot.append(this.svg)
+    svg = document.createElementNS(NS.SVG, 'svg')
+    svgroot.append(svg)

    // Mock out editor context.
    utilities.init(
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
      * @implements {module:utilities.EditorContext}
      */
      {
-        getSvgRoot: () => { return this.svg },
+        getSvgRoot: () => { return svg },
        getDOMDocument () { return null },
        getDOMContainer () { return null }
      }
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ describe('coords', function () {
   * @returns {void}
   */
  afterEach(function () {
-    while (this.svg.hasChildNodes()) {
-      this.svg.firstChild.remove()
+    while (svg?.hasChildNodes()) {
+      svg.firstChild.remove()
    }
  })

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    rect.setAttribute('y', '150')
    rect.setAttribute('width', '250')
    rect.setAttribute('height', '120')
-    this.svg.append(rect)
+    svg.append(rect)

    const attrs = {
      x: '200',
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    }

    // Create a translate.
-    const m = this.svg.createSVGMatrix()
+    const m = svg.createSVGMatrix()
    m.a = 1; m.b = 0
    m.c = 0; m.d = 1
    m.e = 100; m.f = -50
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    const rect = document.createElementNS(NS.SVG, 'rect')
    rect.setAttribute('width', '250')
    rect.setAttribute('height', '120')
-    this.svg.append(rect)
+    svg.append(rect)

    const attrs = {
      x: '0',
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    }

    // Create a translate.
-    const m = this.svg.createSVGMatrix()
+    const m = svg.createSVGMatrix()
    m.a = 2; m.b = 0
    m.c = 0; m.d = 0.5
    m.e = 0; m.f = 0
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    circle.setAttribute('cx', '200')
    circle.setAttribute('cy', '150')
    circle.setAttribute('r', '125')
-    this.svg.append(circle)
+    svg.append(circle)

    const attrs = {
      cx: '200',
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    }

    // Create a translate.
-    const m = this.svg.createSVGMatrix()
+    const m = svg.createSVGMatrix()
    m.a = 1; m.b = 0
    m.c = 0; m.d = 1
    m.e = 100; m.f = -50
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    circle.setAttribute('cx', '200')
    circle.setAttribute('cy', '150')
    circle.setAttribute('r', '250')
-    this.svg.append(circle)
+    svg.append(circle)

    const attrs = {
      cx: '200',
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    }

    // Create a translate.
-    const m = this.svg.createSVGMatrix()
+    const m = svg.createSVGMatrix()
    m.a = 2; m.b = 0
    m.c = 0; m.d = 0.5
    m.e = 0; m.f = 0
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    ellipse.setAttribute('cy', '150')
    ellipse.setAttribute('rx', '125')
    ellipse.setAttribute('ry', '75')
-    this.svg.append(ellipse)
+    svg.append(ellipse)

    const attrs = {
      cx: '200',
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    }

    // Create a translate.
-    const m = this.svg.createSVGMatrix()
+    const m = svg.createSVGMatrix()
    m.a = 1; m.b = 0
    m.c = 0; m.d = 1
    m.e = 100; m.f = -50
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    ellipse.setAttribute('cy', '150')
    ellipse.setAttribute('rx', '250')
    ellipse.setAttribute('ry', '120')
-    this.svg.append(ellipse)
+    svg.append(ellipse)

    const attrs = {
      cx: '200',
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    }

    // Create a translate.
-    const m = this.svg.createSVGMatrix()
+    const m = svg.createSVGMatrix()
    m.a = 2; m.b = 0
    m.c = 0; m.d = 0.5
    m.e = 0; m.f = 0
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    line.setAttribute('y1', '100')
    line.setAttribute('x2', '120')
    line.setAttribute('y2', '200')
-    this.svg.append(line)
+    svg.append(line)

    const attrs = {
      x1: '50',
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    }

    // Create a translate.
-    const m = this.svg.createSVGMatrix()
+    const m = svg.createSVGMatrix()
    m.a = 1; m.b = 0
    m.c = 0; m.d = 1
    m.e = 100; m.f = -50
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    line.setAttribute('y1', '100')
    line.setAttribute('x2', '120')
    line.setAttribute('y2', '200')
-    this.svg.append(line)
+    svg.append(line)

    const attrs = {
      x1: '50',
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    }

    // Create a translate.
-    const m = this.svg.createSVGMatrix()
+    const m = svg.createSVGMatrix()
    m.a = 2; m.b = 0
    m.c = 0; m.d = 0.5
    m.e = 0; m.f = 0
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    const text = document.createElementNS(NS.SVG, 'text')
    text.setAttribute('x', '50')
    text.setAttribute('y', '100')
-    this.svg.append(text)
+    svg.append(text)

    const attrs = {
      x: '50',
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ describe('coords', function () {
    }

    // Create a translate.
-    const m = this.svg.createSVGMatrix()
+    const m = svg.createSVGMatrix()
    m.a = 1; m.b = 0
    m.c = 0; m.d = 1
    m.e = 100; m.f = -50
--- a/tests/unit/dataStorage.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/dataStorage.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import dataStorage from '../../packages/svgcanvas/core/dataStorage.js'
+
+describe('dataStorage', () => {
+  it('stores, checks and retrieves keyed values per element', () => {
+    const el1 = document.createElement('div')
+    const el2 = document.createElement('div')
+
+    dataStorage.put(el1, 'color', 'red')
+    dataStorage.put(el1, 'count', 3)
+    dataStorage.put(el2, 'color', 'blue')
+
+    expect(dataStorage.has(el1, 'color')).toBe(true)
+    expect(dataStorage.has(el1, 'missing')).toBe(false)
+    expect(dataStorage.get(el1, 'color')).toBe('red')
+    expect(dataStorage.get(el1, 'count')).toBe(3)
+    expect(dataStorage.get(el2, 'color')).toBe('blue')
+  })
+
+  it('removes values and cleans up empty element maps', () => {
+    const el = document.createElement('span')
+    dataStorage.put(el, 'foo', 1)
+    dataStorage.put(el, 'bar', 2)
+
+    expect(dataStorage.remove(el, 'foo')).toBe(true)
+    expect(dataStorage.has(el, 'foo')).toBe(false)
+    expect(dataStorage.get(el, 'bar')).toBe(2)
+
+    // Removing the last key should drop the element from storage entirely.
+    expect(dataStorage.remove(el, 'bar')).toBe(true)
+    expect(dataStorage.has(el, 'bar')).toBe(false)
+    expect(dataStorage.get(el, 'bar')).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/unit/draw.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/draw.test.js
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ describe('draw.Drawing', function () {
  const addOwnSpies = (obj) => {
    const methods = Object.keys(obj)
    methods.forEach((method) => {
-      vi.spyOn(obj, method)
+      const spy = vi.spyOn(obj, method)
+      spy.getCall = (idx = 0) => ({ args: spy.mock.calls[idx] || [] })
+      Object.defineProperty(spy, 'calledOnce', { get: () => spy.mock.calls.length === 1 })
+      Object.defineProperty(spy, 'callCount', { get: () => spy.mock.calls.length })
    })
  }

--- a/tests/unit/history.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/history.test.js
@@ -13,6 +13,13 @@ describe('history', function () {

  // const svg = document.createElementNS(NS.SVG, 'svg');
  let undoMgr = null
+  let divparent
+  let div1
+  let div2
+  let div3
+  let div4
+  let div5
+  let div

  class MockCommand extends history.Command {
    constructor (optText) {
@@ -45,23 +52,23 @@ describe('history', function () {
    undoMgr = new history.UndoManager()

    document.body.textContent = ''
-    this.divparent = document.createElement('div')
-    this.divparent.id = 'divparent'
-    this.divparent.style.visibility = 'hidden'
+    divparent = document.createElement('div')
+    divparent.id = 'divparent'
+    divparent.style.visibility = 'hidden'

-    for (let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
-      const div = document.createElement('div')
-      const id = `div${i}`
-      div.id = id
-      this[id] = div
-    }
+    div1 = document.createElement('div'); div1.id = 'div1'
+    div2 = document.createElement('div'); div2.id = 'div2'
+    div3 = document.createElement('div'); div3.id = 'div3'
+    div4 = document.createElement('div'); div4.id = 'div4'
+    div5 = document.createElement('div'); div5.id = 'div5'
+    div = document.createElement('div'); div.id = 'div'

-    this.divparent.append(this.div1, this.div2, this.div3)
+    divparent.append(div1, div2, div3)

-    this.div4.style.visibility = 'hidden'
-    this.div4.append(this.div5)
+    div4.style.visibility = 'hidden'
+    div4.append(div5)

-    document.body.append(this.divparent, this.div)
+    document.body.append(divparent, div)
  })
  /**
   * Tear down tests, destroying undo manager.
@@ -278,127 +285,127 @@ describe('history', function () {
  })

  it('Test MoveElementCommand', function () {
-    let move = new history.MoveElementCommand(this.div3, this.div1, this.divparent)
+    let move = new history.MoveElementCommand(div3, div1, divparent)
    assert.ok(move.unapply)
    assert.ok(move.apply)
    assert.equal(typeof move.unapply, typeof function () { /* empty fn */ })
    assert.equal(typeof move.apply, typeof function () { /* empty fn */ })

    move.unapply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div3)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.lastElementChild, this.div2)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, div1)
+    assert.equal(divparent.lastElementChild, div2)

    move.apply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, this.div2)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.lastElementChild, this.div3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div1)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, div2)
+    assert.equal(divparent.lastElementChild, div3)

-    move = new history.MoveElementCommand(this.div1, null, this.divparent)
+    move = new history.MoveElementCommand(div1, null, divparent)

    move.unapply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div2)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, this.div3)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.lastElementChild, this.div1)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div2)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, div3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.lastElementChild, div1)

    move.apply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, this.div2)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.lastElementChild, this.div3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div1)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, div2)
+    assert.equal(divparent.lastElementChild, div3)

-    move = new history.MoveElementCommand(this.div2, this.div5, this.div4)
+    move = new history.MoveElementCommand(div2, div5, div4)

    move.unapply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, this.div3)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.lastElementChild, this.div3)
-    assert.equal(this.div4.firstElementChild, this.div2)
-    assert.equal(this.div4.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, this.div5)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div1)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, div3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.lastElementChild, div3)
+    assert.equal(div4.firstElementChild, div2)
+    assert.equal(div4.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, div5)

    move.apply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, this.div2)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.lastElementChild, this.div3)
-    assert.equal(this.div4.firstElementChild, this.div5)
-    assert.equal(this.div4.lastElementChild, this.div5)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div1)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild.nextElementSibling, div2)
+    assert.equal(divparent.lastElementChild, div3)
+    assert.equal(div4.firstElementChild, div5)
+    assert.equal(div4.lastElementChild, div5)
  })

  it('Test InsertElementCommand', function () {
-    let insert = new history.InsertElementCommand(this.div3)
+    let insert = new history.InsertElementCommand(div3)
    assert.ok(insert.unapply)
    assert.ok(insert.apply)
    assert.equal(typeof insert.unapply, typeof function () { /* empty fn */ })
    assert.equal(typeof insert.apply, typeof function () { /* empty fn */ })

    insert.unapply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.childElementCount, 2)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.div1.nextElementSibling, this.div2)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.lastElementChild, this.div2)
+    assert.equal(divparent.childElementCount, 2)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div1)
+    assert.equal(div1.nextElementSibling, div2)
+    assert.equal(divparent.lastElementChild, div2)

    insert.apply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.childElementCount, 3)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.div1.nextElementSibling, this.div2)
-    assert.equal(this.div2.nextElementSibling, this.div3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.childElementCount, 3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div1)
+    assert.equal(div1.nextElementSibling, div2)
+    assert.equal(div2.nextElementSibling, div3)

-    insert = new history.InsertElementCommand(this.div2)
+    insert = new history.InsertElementCommand(div2)

    insert.unapply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.childElementCount, 2)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.div1.nextElementSibling, this.div3)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.lastElementChild, this.div3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.childElementCount, 2)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div1)
+    assert.equal(div1.nextElementSibling, div3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.lastElementChild, div3)

    insert.apply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.childElementCount, 3)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.div1.nextElementSibling, this.div2)
-    assert.equal(this.div2.nextElementSibling, this.div3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.childElementCount, 3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div1)
+    assert.equal(div1.nextElementSibling, div2)
+    assert.equal(div2.nextElementSibling, div3)
  })

  it('Test RemoveElementCommand', function () {
    const div6 = document.createElement('div')
    div6.id = 'div6'

-    let remove = new history.RemoveElementCommand(div6, null, this.divparent)
+    let remove = new history.RemoveElementCommand(div6, null, divparent)
    assert.ok(remove.unapply)
    assert.ok(remove.apply)
    assert.equal(typeof remove.unapply, typeof function () { /* empty fn */ })
    assert.equal(typeof remove.apply, typeof function () { /* empty fn */ })

    remove.unapply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.childElementCount, 4)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.div1.nextElementSibling, this.div2)
-    assert.equal(this.div2.nextElementSibling, this.div3)
-    assert.equal(this.div3.nextElementSibling, div6)
+    assert.equal(divparent.childElementCount, 4)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div1)
+    assert.equal(div1.nextElementSibling, div2)
+    assert.equal(div2.nextElementSibling, div3)
+    assert.equal(div3.nextElementSibling, div6)

    remove.apply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.childElementCount, 3)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.div1.nextElementSibling, this.div2)
-    assert.equal(this.div2.nextElementSibling, this.div3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.childElementCount, 3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div1)
+    assert.equal(div1.nextElementSibling, div2)
+    assert.equal(div2.nextElementSibling, div3)

-    remove = new history.RemoveElementCommand(div6, this.div2, this.divparent)
+    remove = new history.RemoveElementCommand(div6, div2, divparent)

    remove.unapply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.childElementCount, 4)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.div1.nextElementSibling, div6)
-    assert.equal(div6.nextElementSibling, this.div2)
-    assert.equal(this.div2.nextElementSibling, this.div3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.childElementCount, 4)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div1)
+    assert.equal(div1.nextElementSibling, div6)
+    assert.equal(div6.nextElementSibling, div2)
+    assert.equal(div2.nextElementSibling, div3)

    remove.apply()
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.childElementCount, 3)
-    assert.equal(this.divparent.firstElementChild, this.div1)
-    assert.equal(this.div1.nextElementSibling, this.div2)
-    assert.equal(this.div2.nextElementSibling, this.div3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.childElementCount, 3)
+    assert.equal(divparent.firstElementChild, div1)
+    assert.equal(div1.nextElementSibling, div2)
+    assert.equal(div2.nextElementSibling, div3)
  })

  it('Test ChangeElementCommand', function () {
-    this.div1.setAttribute('title', 'new title')
-    let change = new history.ChangeElementCommand(this.div1,
+    div1.setAttribute('title', 'new title')
+    let change = new history.ChangeElementCommand(div1,
      { title: 'old title', class: 'foo' })
    assert.ok(change.unapply)
    assert.ok(change.apply)
@@ -406,32 +413,32 @@ describe('history', function () {
    assert.equal(typeof change.apply, typeof function () { /* empty fn */ })

    change.unapply()
-    assert.equal(this.div1.getAttribute('title'), 'old title')
-    assert.equal(this.div1.getAttribute('class'), 'foo')
+    assert.equal(div1.getAttribute('title'), 'old title')
+    assert.equal(div1.getAttribute('class'), 'foo')

    change.apply()
-    assert.equal(this.div1.getAttribute('title'), 'new title')
-    assert.ok(!this.div1.getAttribute('class'))
+    assert.equal(div1.getAttribute('title'), 'new title')
+    assert.ok(!div1.getAttribute('class'))

-    this.div1.textContent = 'inner text'
-    change = new history.ChangeElementCommand(this.div1,
+    div1.textContent = 'inner text'
+    change = new history.ChangeElementCommand(div1,
      { '#text': null })

    change.unapply()
-    assert.ok(!this.div1.textContent)
+    assert.ok(!div1.textContent)

    change.apply()
-    assert.equal(this.div1.textContent, 'inner text')
+    assert.equal(div1.textContent, 'inner text')

-    this.div1.textContent = ''
-    change = new history.ChangeElementCommand(this.div1,
+    div1.textContent = ''
+    change = new history.ChangeElementCommand(div1,
      { '#text': 'old text' })

    change.unapply()
-    assert.equal(this.div1.textContent, 'old text')
+    assert.equal(div1.textContent, 'old text')

    change.apply()
-    assert.ok(!this.div1.textContent)
+    assert.ok(!div1.textContent)

    // TODO(codedread): Refactor this #href stuff in history.js and svgcanvas.js
    const rect = document.createElementNS(NS.SVG, 'rect')
--- a/tests/unit/mainmenu.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/mainmenu.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import MainMenu from '../../src/editor/MainMenu.js'
+
+vi.mock('@svgedit/svgcanvas', () => ({
+  default: {
+    $id: (id) => document.getElementById(id),
+    $click: (el, fn) => el?.addEventListener('click', fn),
+    convertUnit: (val) => Number(val),
+    isValidUnit: (_attr, val) => val !== 'bad'
+  }
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@svgedit/svgcanvas/common/browser.js', () => ({
+  isChrome: () => false
+}))
+
+describe('MainMenu', () => {
+  let editor
+  let menu
+  let prefStore
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    document.body.innerHTML = `
+      <div id="app"></div>
+      <div id="se-export-dialog"></div>
+      <div id="se-img-prop"></div>
+      <div id="se-edit-prefs"></div>
+    `
+    prefStore = { img_save: 'embed', lang: 'en' }
+    const configObj = {
+      curConfig: {
+        baseUnit: 'px',
+        exportWindowType: 'new',
+        canvasName: 'svg-edit',
+        gridSnapping: false,
+        snappingStep: 1,
+        gridColor: '#ccc',
+        showRulers: false
+      },
+      curPrefs: { bkgd_color: '#fff' },
+      preferences: false,
+      pref: vi.fn((key, val) => {
+        if (val !== undefined) {
+          prefStore[key] = val
+        }
+        return prefStore[key]
+      })
+    }
+    const svgCanvas = {
+      setDocumentTitle: vi.fn(),
+      setResolution: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
+      getResolution: vi.fn(() => ({ w: 120, h: 80 })),
+      getDocumentTitle: vi.fn(() => 'Doc'),
+      setConfig: vi.fn(),
+      rasterExport: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('data-uri'),
+      exportPDF: vi.fn()
+    }
+
+    editor = {
+      configObj,
+      svgCanvas,
+      i18next: { t: (key) => key },
+      $svgEditor: document.getElementById('app'),
+      docprops: false,
+      rulers: { updateRulers: vi.fn() },
+      setBackground: vi.fn(),
+      updateCanvas: vi.fn(),
+      customExportPDF: false,
+      customExportImage: false
+    }
+    globalThis.seAlert = vi.fn()
+    menu = new MainMenu(editor)
+  })
+
+  it('rejects invalid doc properties and shows an alert', () => {
+    const result = menu.saveDocProperties({
+      detail: { title: 'Oops', w: 'bad', h: 'fit', save: 'embed' }
+    })
+    expect(result).toBe(false)
+    expect(globalThis.seAlert).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(editor.svgCanvas.setResolution).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('saves document properties and hides the dialog', () => {
+    editor.docprops = true
+    const result = menu.saveDocProperties({
+      detail: { title: 'Demo', w: '200', h: '100', save: 'layer' }
+    })
+
+    expect(result).toBe(true)
+    expect(editor.svgCanvas.setDocumentTitle).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Demo')
+    expect(editor.svgCanvas.setResolution).toHaveBeenCalledWith('200', '100')
+    expect(editor.updateCanvas).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(prefStore.img_save).toBe('layer')
+    expect(editor.docprops).toBe(false)
+    expect(document.getElementById('se-img-prop').getAttribute('dialog')).toBe('close')
+  })
+
+  it('saves preferences, updates config and alerts when language changes', async () => {
+    editor.configObj.preferences = true
+    const detail = {
+      lang: 'fr',
+      bgcolor: '#111',
+      bgurl: '',
+      gridsnappingon: true,
+      gridsnappingstep: 2,
+      gridcolor: '#333',
+      showrulers: true,
+      baseunit: 'cm'
+    }
+
+    await menu.savePreferences({ detail })
+
+    expect(editor.setBackground).toHaveBeenCalledWith('#111', '')
+    expect(prefStore.lang).toBe('fr')
+    expect(editor.configObj.curConfig.gridSnapping).toBe(true)
+    expect(editor.configObj.curConfig.snappingStep).toBe(2)
+    expect(editor.configObj.curConfig.gridColor).toBe('#333')
+    expect(editor.configObj.curConfig.showRulers).toBe(true)
+    expect(editor.configObj.curConfig.baseUnit).toBe('cm')
+    expect(editor.rulers.updateRulers).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(editor.svgCanvas.setConfig).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(editor.updateCanvas).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(globalThis.seAlert).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(editor.configObj.preferences).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('opens doc properties dialog and converts units when needed', () => {
+    editor.configObj.curConfig.baseUnit = 'cm'
+    menu.showDocProperties()
+
+    const dialog = document.getElementById('se-img-prop')
+    expect(editor.docprops).toBe(true)
+    expect(dialog.getAttribute('dialog')).toBe('open')
+    expect(dialog.getAttribute('width')).toBe('120cm')
+    expect(dialog.getAttribute('height')).toBe('80cm')
+    expect(dialog.getAttribute('title')).toBe('Doc')
+
+    editor.svgCanvas.getResolution.mockClear()
+    menu.showDocProperties()
+    expect(editor.svgCanvas.getResolution).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('opens preferences dialog only once and populates attributes', () => {
+    editor.configObj.curConfig.gridSnapping = true
+    editor.configObj.curConfig.snappingStep = 4
+    editor.configObj.curConfig.gridColor = '#888'
+    editor.configObj.curPrefs.bkgd_color = '#ff00ff'
+    editor.configObj.pref = vi.fn((key) => key === 'bkgd_url' ? 'http://example.com' : prefStore[key])
+
+    menu.showPreferences()
+    const prefs = document.getElementById('se-edit-prefs')
+    expect(editor.configObj.preferences).toBe(true)
+    expect(prefs.getAttribute('dialog')).toBe('open')
+    expect(prefs.getAttribute('gridsnappingon')).toBe('true')
+    expect(prefs.getAttribute('gridsnappingstep')).toBe('4')
+    expect(prefs.getAttribute('gridcolor')).toBe('#888')
+    expect(prefs.getAttribute('canvasbg')).toBe('#ff00ff')
+    expect(prefs.getAttribute('bgurl')).toBe('http://example.com')
+
+    editor.configObj.preferences = true
+    prefs.removeAttribute('dialog')
+    menu.showPreferences()
+    expect(prefs.getAttribute('dialog')).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('routes export actions based on dialog detail', async () => {
+    await menu.clickExport()
+    expect(editor.svgCanvas.rasterExport).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+    await menu.clickExport({ detail: { trigger: 'ok', imgType: 'PNG', quality: 50 } })
+    expect(editor.svgCanvas.rasterExport).toHaveBeenCalledWith('PNG', 0.5, editor.exportWindowName)
+    expect(editor.exportWindowCt).toBe(1)
+
+    await menu.clickExport({ detail: { trigger: 'ok', imgType: 'PDF' } })
+    expect(editor.svgCanvas.exportPDF).toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('creates menu entries and wires click handlers in init', () => {
+    menu.init()
+
+    document.getElementById('tool_export').dispatchEvent(new Event('click', { bubbles: true }))
+    expect(document.getElementById('se-export-dialog').getAttribute('dialog')).toBe('open')
+
+    document.getElementById('tool_docprops').dispatchEvent(new Event('click', { bubbles: true }))
+    expect(editor.docprops).toBe(true)
+
+    const prefsDialog = document.getElementById('se-edit-prefs')
+    prefsDialog.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('change', { detail: { dialog: 'closed' } }))
+    expect(prefsDialog.getAttribute('dialog')).toBe('close')
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/unit/paint.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/paint.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import Paint from '../../packages/svgcanvas/core/paint.js'
+
+const createLinear = (id) => {
+  const grad = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'linearGradient')
+  if (id) grad.id = id
+  grad.setAttribute('x1', '0')
+  grad.setAttribute('x2', '1')
+  return grad
+}
+
+const createRadial = (id) => {
+  const grad = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'radialGradient')
+  if (id) grad.id = id
+  grad.setAttribute('cx', '0.5')
+  grad.setAttribute('cy', '0.5')
+  return grad
+}
+
+describe('Paint', () => {
+  it('defaults to an empty paint when no options are provided', () => {
+    const paint = new Paint()
+    expect(paint.type).toBe('none')
+    expect(paint.alpha).toBe(100)
+    expect(paint.solidColor).toBeNull()
+    expect(paint.linearGradient).toBeNull()
+    expect(paint.radialGradient).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('copies a solid color paint including alpha', () => {
+    const base = new Paint({ solidColor: '#00ff00', alpha: 65 })
+    const copy = new Paint({ copy: base })
+
+    expect(copy.type).toBe('solidColor')
+    expect(copy.alpha).toBe(65)
+    expect(copy.solidColor).toBe('#00ff00')
+    expect(copy.linearGradient).toBeNull()
+    expect(copy.radialGradient).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('copies gradients by cloning the underlying nodes', () => {
+    const linear = createLinear('lin1')
+    const base = new Paint({ linearGradient: linear })
+    const clone = new Paint({ copy: base })
+
+    expect(clone.type).toBe('linearGradient')
+    expect(clone.linearGradient).not.toBe(base.linearGradient)
+    expect(clone.linearGradient?.isEqualNode(base.linearGradient)).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  it('resolves linked linear gradients via href/xlink:href', () => {
+    const referenced = createLinear('refGrad')
+    document.body.append(referenced)
+    const referencing = createLinear('linkGrad')
+    referencing.setAttribute('xlink:href', '#refGrad')
+
+    const paint = new Paint({ linearGradient: referencing })
+    expect(paint.type).toBe('linearGradient')
+    expect(paint.linearGradient).not.toBeNull()
+    expect(paint.linearGradient?.id).toBe('refGrad')
+  })
+
+  it('creates radial gradients from provided element when no href is set', () => {
+    const radial = createRadial('rad1')
+    const paint = new Paint({ radialGradient: radial })
+
+    expect(paint.type).toBe('radialGradient')
+    expect(paint.radialGradient).not.toBe(radial)
+    expect(paint.radialGradient?.id).toBe('rad1')
+    expect(paint.linearGradient).toBeNull()
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/unit/setup-vitest.js
+++ b/tests/unit/setup-vitest.js
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+import { AssertionError, strict as assert } from 'node:assert'
+
+// Provide a global assert (some legacy tests expect it).
+globalThis.assert = assert
+
+// Add a lightweight closeTo helper to mimic chai.assert.closeTo.
+assert.closeTo = function (actual, expected, delta, message) {
+  const ok = Math.abs(actual - expected) <= delta
+  if (!ok) {
+    throw new AssertionError({
+      message: message || `expected ${actual} to be within ${delta} of ${expected}`,
+      actual,
+      expected
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+// Mocha-style aliases expected by legacy tests.
+globalThis.before = globalThis.beforeAll
+globalThis.after = globalThis.afterAll
+
+// JSDOM lacks many SVG APIs; provide minimal stubs used in tests.
+const win = globalThis.window || globalThis
+
+// Simple SVG matrix/transform/point polyfills good enough for unit tests.
+class SVGMatrixPolyfill {
+  constructor (a = 1, b = 0, c = 0, d = 1, e = 0, f = 0) {
+    this.a = a; this.b = b; this.c = c; this.d = d; this.e = e; this.f = f
+  }
+
+  multiply (m) {
+    return new SVGMatrixPolyfill(
+      this.a * m.a + this.c * m.b,
+      this.b * m.a + this.d * m.b,
+      this.a * m.c + this.c * m.d,
+      this.b * m.c + this.d * m.d,
+      this.a * m.e + this.c * m.f + this.e,
+      this.b * m.e + this.d * m.f + this.f
+    )
+  }
+
+  translate (x, y) { return this.multiply(new SVGMatrixPolyfill(1, 0, 0, 1, x, y)) }
+  scale (s) { return this.multiply(new SVGMatrixPolyfill(s, 0, 0, s, 0, 0)) }
+  scaleNonUniform (sx, sy) { return this.multiply(new SVGMatrixPolyfill(sx, 0, 0, sy, 0, 0)) }
+  rotate (deg) {
+    const rad = deg * Math.PI / 180
+    const cos = Math.cos(rad)
+    const sin = Math.sin(rad)
+    return this.multiply(new SVGMatrixPolyfill(cos, sin, -sin, cos, 0, 0))
+  }
+
+  flipX () { return this.scale(-1, 1) }
+  flipY () { return this.scale(1, -1) }
+  skewX (deg) {
+    const rad = deg * Math.PI / 180
+    return this.multiply(new SVGMatrixPolyfill(1, 0, Math.tan(rad), 1, 0, 0))
+  }
+
+  skewY (deg) {
+    const rad = deg * Math.PI / 180
+    return this.multiply(new SVGMatrixPolyfill(1, Math.tan(rad), 0, 1, 0, 0))
+  }
+
+  inverse () {
+    const det = this.a * this.d - this.b * this.c
+    if (!det) return new SVGMatrixPolyfill()
+    return new SVGMatrixPolyfill(
+      this.d / det,
+      -this.b / det,
+      -this.c / det,
+      this.a / det,
+      (this.c * this.f - this.d * this.e) / det,
+      (this.b * this.e - this.a * this.f) / det
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+class SVGTransformPolyfill {
+  constructor (type = SVGTransformPolyfill.SVG_TRANSFORM_MATRIX, matrix = new SVGMatrixPolyfill()) {
+    this.type = type
+    this.matrix = matrix
+  }
+
+  setMatrix (matrix) {
+    this.type = SVGTransformPolyfill.SVG_TRANSFORM_MATRIX
+    this.matrix = matrix
+  }
+
+  setTranslate (x, y) {
+    this.type = SVGTransformPolyfill.SVG_TRANSFORM_TRANSLATE
+    this.matrix = new SVGMatrixPolyfill(1, 0, 0, 1, x, y)
+  }
+
+  setScale (sx, sy = sx) {
+    this.type = SVGTransformPolyfill.SVG_TRANSFORM_SCALE
+    this.matrix = new SVGMatrixPolyfill(sx, 0, 0, sy, 0, 0)
+  }
+
+  setRotate (angle, cx = 0, cy = 0) {
+    // Translate to center, rotate, then translate back.
+    const ang = Number(angle) || 0
+    const cxNum = Number(cx) || 0
+    const cyNum = Number(cy) || 0
+    const rotate = new SVGMatrixPolyfill().translate(cxNum, cyNum).rotate(ang).translate(-cxNum, -cyNum)
+    this.type = SVGTransformPolyfill.SVG_TRANSFORM_ROTATE
+    this.angle = ang
+    this.cx = cxNum
+    this.cy = cyNum
+    this.matrix = rotate
+  }
+}
+SVGTransformPolyfill.SVG_TRANSFORM_UNKNOWN = 0
+SVGTransformPolyfill.SVG_TRANSFORM_MATRIX = 1
+SVGTransformPolyfill.SVG_TRANSFORM_TRANSLATE = 2
+SVGTransformPolyfill.SVG_TRANSFORM_SCALE = 3
+SVGTransformPolyfill.SVG_TRANSFORM_ROTATE = 4
+SVGTransformPolyfill.SVG_TRANSFORM_SKEWX = 5
+SVGTransformPolyfill.SVG_TRANSFORM_SKEWY = 6
+
+class SVGTransformListPolyfill {
+  constructor () {
+    this._items = []
+  }
+
+  get numberOfItems () { return this._items.length }
+  getItem (i) { return this._items[i] }
+  appendItem (item) { this._items.push(item); return item }
+  insertItemBefore (item, index) {
+    const idx = Math.max(0, Math.min(index, this._items.length))
+    this._items.splice(idx, 0, item)
+    return item
+  }
+
+  removeItem (index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= this._items.length) return undefined
+    const [removed] = this._items.splice(index, 1)
+    return removed
+  }
+
+  clear () { this._items = [] }
+  initialize (item) { this._items = [item]; return item }
+  consolidate () {
+    if (!this._items.length) return null
+    const matrix = this._items.reduce(
+      (acc, t) => acc.multiply(t.matrix),
+      new SVGMatrixPolyfill()
+    )
+    const consolidated = new SVGTransformPolyfill()
+    consolidated.setMatrix(matrix)
+    this._items = [consolidated]
+    return consolidated
+  }
+}
+
+const parseTransformAttr = (attr) => {
+  const list = new SVGTransformListPolyfill()
+  if (!attr) return list
+  const matcher = /([a-zA-Z]+)\(([^)]+)\)/g
+  let match
+  while ((match = matcher.exec(attr))) {
+    const [, type, raw] = match
+    const nums = raw.split(/[,\s]+/).filter(Boolean).map(Number)
+    const t = new SVGTransformPolyfill()
+    switch (type) {
+      case 'matrix':
+        t.setMatrix(new SVGMatrixPolyfill(...nums))
+        break
+      case 'translate':
+        t.setTranslate(nums[0] ?? 0, nums[1] ?? 0)
+        break
+      case 'scale':
+        t.setScale(nums[0] ?? 1, nums[1] ?? nums[0] ?? 1)
+        break
+      case 'rotate':
+        t.setRotate(nums[0] ?? 0, nums[1] ?? 0, nums[2] ?? 0)
+        break
+      default:
+        t.setMatrix(new SVGMatrixPolyfill())
+        break
+    }
+    list.appendItem(t)
+  }
+  return list
+}
+
+const ensureTransformList = (elem) => {
+  if (!elem.__transformList) {
+    const parsed = parseTransformAttr(elem.getAttribute?.('transform'))
+    elem.__transformList = parsed
+  }
+  return elem.__transformList
+}
+
+if (!win.SVGElement) {
+  win.SVGElement = win.Element
+}
+const svgElementProto = win.SVGElement?.prototype
+
+// Basic constructors for missing SVG types.
+if (!win.SVGSVGElement) win.SVGSVGElement = win.SVGElement
+if (!win.SVGGraphicsElement) win.SVGGraphicsElement = win.SVGElement
+if (!win.SVGGeometryElement) win.SVGGeometryElement = win.SVGElement
+// Ensure SVGPathElement exists so the pathseg polyfill can patch it.
+win.SVGPathElement = win.SVGElement || function SVGPathElement () {}
+
+// Matrix/transform helpers.
+win.SVGMatrix = win.SVGMatrix || SVGMatrixPolyfill
+win.DOMMatrix = win.DOMMatrix || SVGMatrixPolyfill
+win.SVGTransform = win.SVGTransform || SVGTransformPolyfill
+win.SVGTransformList = win.SVGTransformList || SVGTransformListPolyfill
+
+if (svgElementProto) {
+  if (!svgElementProto.createSVGMatrix) {
+    svgElementProto.createSVGMatrix = () => new SVGMatrixPolyfill()
+  }
+  if (!svgElementProto.createSVGTransform) {
+    svgElementProto.createSVGTransform = () => new SVGTransformPolyfill()
+  }
+  if (!svgElementProto.createSVGTransformFromMatrix) {
+    svgElementProto.createSVGTransformFromMatrix = (matrix) => {
+      const t = new SVGTransformPolyfill()
+      t.setMatrix(matrix)
+      return t
+    }
+  }
+  if (!svgElementProto.createSVGPoint) {
+    svgElementProto.createSVGPoint = () => ({
+      x: 0,
+      y: 0,
+      matrixTransform (m) {
+        return {
+          x: m.a * this.x + m.c * this.y + m.e,
+          y: m.b * this.x + m.d * this.y + m.f
+        }
+      }
+    })
+  }
+  svgElementProto.getBBox = function () {
+    const tag = (this.tagName || '').toLowerCase()
+    const parseLength = (attr, fallback = 0) => {
+      const raw = this.getAttribute?.(attr)
+      if (raw == null) return fallback
+      const str = String(raw)
+      const n = Number.parseFloat(str)
+      if (Number.isNaN(n)) return fallback
+      if (str.endsWith('in')) return n * 96
+      if (str.endsWith('cm')) return n * 96 / 2.54
+      if (str.endsWith('mm')) return n * 96 / 25.4
+      if (str.endsWith('pt')) return n * 96 / 72
+      if (str.endsWith('pc')) return n * 16
+      if (str.endsWith('em')) return n * 16
+      if (str.endsWith('ex')) return n * 8
+      return n
+    }
+    const parsePoints = () => (this.getAttribute?.('points') || '')
+      .trim()
+      .split(/\\s+/)
+      .map(pair => pair.split(',').map(Number))
+      .filter(([x, y]) => !Number.isNaN(x) && !Number.isNaN(y))
+
+    if (tag === 'path') {
+      const d = this.getAttribute?.('d') || ''
+      const nums = (d.match(/-?\\d*\\.?\\d+/g) || [])
+        .map(Number)
+        .filter(n => !Number.isNaN(n))
+      if (nums.length >= 2) {
+        let minx = Infinity; let miny = Infinity
+        let maxx = -Infinity; let maxy = -Infinity
+        for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i += 2) {
+          const x = nums[i]; const y = nums[i + 1]
+          if (x < minx) minx = x
+          if (x > maxx) maxx = x
+          if (y < miny) miny = y
+          if (y > maxy) maxy = y
+        }
+        return {
+          x: minx === Infinity ? 0 : minx,
+          y: miny === Infinity ? 0 : miny,
+          width: maxx === -Infinity ? 0 : maxx - minx,
+          height: maxy === -Infinity ? 0 : maxy - miny
+        }
+      }
+      return { x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0 }
+    }
+
+    if (tag === 'rect') {
+      const x = parseLength('x')
+      const y = parseLength('y')
+      const width = parseLength('width')
+      const height = parseLength('height')
+      return { x, y, width, height }
+    }
+
+    if (tag === 'line') {
+      const x1 = parseLength('x1'); const y1 = parseLength('y1')
+      const x2 = parseLength('x2'); const y2 = parseLength('y2')
+      const minx = Math.min(x1, x2); const miny = Math.min(y1, y2)
+      return { x: minx, y: miny, width: Math.abs(x2 - x1), height: Math.abs(y2 - y1) }
+    }
+
+    if (tag === 'circle') {
+      const cx = parseLength('cx'); const cy = parseLength('cy'); const r = parseLength('r') || parseLength('rx') || parseLength('ry')
+      return { x: cx - r, y: cy - r, width: r * 2, height: r * 2 }
+    }
+
+    if (tag === 'ellipse') {
+      const cx = parseLength('cx'); const cy = parseLength('cy'); const rx = parseLength('rx'); const ry = parseLength('ry')
+      return { x: cx - rx, y: cy - ry, width: rx * 2, height: ry * 2 }
+    }
+
+    if (tag === 'polyline' || tag === 'polygon') {
+      const pts = parsePoints()
+      if (!pts.length) return { x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0 }
+      const xs = pts.map(([x]) => x)
+      const ys = pts.map(([, y]) => y)
+      const minx = Math.min(...xs); const maxx = Math.max(...xs)
+      const miny = Math.min(...ys); const maxy = Math.max(...ys)
+      return { x: minx, y: miny, width: maxx - minx, height: maxy - miny }
+    }
+
+    return { x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0 }
+  }
+  if (!Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(svgElementProto, 'transform')) {
+    Object.defineProperty(svgElementProto, 'transform', {
+      get () {
+        const baseVal = ensureTransformList(this)
+        return { baseVal }
+      }
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+// Ensure pathseg polyfill can attach to prototypes.
+await import('pathseg')
+
+// Add minimal chai-like helpers some legacy tests expect.
+assert.close = (actual, expected, delta, message) =>
+  assert.closeTo(actual, expected, delta, message)
+assert.notOk = (val, message) => {
+  if (val) {
+    throw new AssertionError({ message: message || `expected ${val} to be falsy`, actual: val, expected: false })
+  }
+}
+assert.isBelow = (val, limit, message) => {
+  if (!(val < limit)) {
+    throw new AssertionError({ message: message || `expected ${val} to be below ${limit}`, actual: val, expected: `< ${limit}` })
+  }
+}
--- a/tests/unit/touch.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/touch.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { init as initTouch } from '../../packages/svgcanvas/core/touch.js'
+
+const createSvgRoot = () => {
+  const listeners = {}
+  return {
+    listeners,
+    addEventListener (type, handler) { listeners[type] = handler },
+    dispatch (type, event) { listeners[type]?.(event) }
+  }
+}
+
+const OriginalMouseEvent = global.MouseEvent
+
+beforeAll(() => {
+  // JSDOM's MouseEvent requires a real Window; a lightweight stub keeps the adapter logic testable.
+  global.MouseEvent = class extends Event {
+    constructor (type, init = {}) {
+      super(type, init)
+      this.clientX = init.clientX
+      this.clientY = init.clientY
+      this.screenX = init.screenX
+      this.screenY = init.screenY
+      this.button = init.button ?? 0
+      this.relatedTarget = init.relatedTarget ?? null
+    }
+  }
+})
+
+afterAll(() => {
+  global.MouseEvent = OriginalMouseEvent
+})
+
+describe('touch adapter', () => {
+  it('translates single touch to mouse event on target', () => {
+    const svgroot = createSvgRoot()
+    const svgCanvas = { svgroot }
+    initTouch(svgCanvas)
+
+    const target = document.createElement('div')
+    const received = []
+    target.addEventListener('mousedown', (ev) => {
+      received.push({
+        type: ev.type,
+        clientX: ev.clientX,
+        clientY: ev.clientY,
+        screenX: ev.screenX,
+        screenY: ev.screenY
+      })
+    })
+
+    const preventDefault = vi.fn()
+    svgroot.dispatch('touchstart', {
+      type: 'touchstart',
+      changedTouches: [{
+        target,
+        clientX: 12,
+        clientY: 34,
+        screenX: 56,
+        screenY: 78
+      }],
+      preventDefault
+    })
+
+    expect(preventDefault).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(received).toEqual([{
+      type: 'mousedown',
+      clientX: 12,
+      clientY: 34,
+      screenX: 56,
+      screenY: 78
+    }])
+  })
+
+  it('maps move events and ignores multi-touch gestures', () => {
+    const svgroot = createSvgRoot()
+    initTouch({ svgroot })
+
+    const target = document.createElement('div')
+    let mouseDown = 0
+    let mouseMove = 0
+    target.addEventListener('mousedown', () => { mouseDown++ })
+    target.addEventListener('mousemove', () => { mouseMove++ })
+
+    svgroot.dispatch('touchstart', {
+      type: 'touchstart',
+      changedTouches: [
+        { target, clientX: 1, clientY: 2, screenX: 3, screenY: 4 },
+        { target, clientX: 5, clientY: 6, screenX: 7, screenY: 8 }
+      ],
+      preventDefault: vi.fn()
+    })
+
+    expect(mouseDown).toBe(0)
+
+    svgroot.dispatch('touchmove', {
+      type: 'touchmove',
+      changedTouches: [
+        { target, clientX: 9, clientY: 10, screenX: 11, screenY: 12 }
+      ],
+      preventDefault: vi.fn()
+    })
+
+    expect(mouseMove).toBe(1)
+  })
+
+  it('returns early on unknown event types', () => {
+    const svgroot = createSvgRoot()
+    initTouch({ svgroot })
+    const target = document.createElement('div')
+    let mouseCount = 0
+    target.addEventListener('mousedown', () => { mouseCount++ })
+
+    const preventDefault = vi.fn()
+    svgroot.dispatch('touchcancel', {
+      type: 'touchcancel',
+      changedTouches: [{ target, clientX: 0, clientY: 0, screenX: 0, screenY: 0 }],
+      preventDefault
+    })
+
+    expect(preventDefault).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(mouseCount).toBe(0)
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/unit/util-common.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/util-common.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import {
+  findPos,
+  isObject,
+  mergeDeep,
+  getClosest,
+  getParents,
+  getParentsUntil
+} from '../../packages/svgcanvas/common/util.js'
+
+describe('common util helpers', () => {
+  it('computes positions and merges objects deeply', () => {
+    const grand = { offsetLeft: 5, offsetTop: 6, offsetParent: null }
+    const parent = { offsetLeft: 10, offsetTop: 11, offsetParent: grand }
+    const child = { offsetLeft: 7, offsetTop: 8, offsetParent: parent }
+
+    expect(findPos(child)).toEqual({ left: 22, top: 25 })
+    expect(isObject({ foo: 'bar' })).toBe(true)
+
+    const merged = mergeDeep(
+      { a: 1, nested: { keep: true, replace: 'old' } },
+      { nested: { replace: 'new', extra: 42 }, more: 'yes' }
+    )
+    expect(merged).toEqual({ a: 1, nested: { keep: true, replace: 'new', extra: 42 }, more: 'yes' })
+  })
+
+  it('finds closest elements across selectors', () => {
+    const root = document.createElement('div')
+    const wrapper = document.createElement('div')
+    wrapper.className = 'wrapper'
+    const section = document.createElement('section')
+    section.id = 'section'
+    const child = document.createElement('span')
+    child.dataset.role = 'target'
+
+    section.append(child)
+    wrapper.append(section)
+    root.append(wrapper)
+    document.body.append(root)
+
+    expect(getClosest(child, '.wrapper')?.className).toBe('wrapper')
+    expect(getClosest(child, '#section')?.id).toBe('section')
+    expect(getClosest(child, '[data-role=target]')?.dataset.role).toBe('target')
+    expect(getClosest(child, 'div')?.tagName.toLowerCase()).toBe('div')
+  })
+
+  it('collects parents with and without limits', () => {
+    const outer = document.createElement('div')
+    outer.className = 'outer'
+    const mid = document.createElement('section')
+    mid.id = 'mid'
+    const inner = document.createElement('span')
+    inner.className = 'inner'
+
+    mid.append(inner)
+    outer.append(mid)
+    document.body.append(outer)
+
+    const parents = getParents(inner)?.map(el => el.tagName.toLowerCase())
+    expect(parents).toContain('body')
+
+    expect(getParents(inner, '.outer')?.map(el => el.className)).toEqual(['outer'])
+
+    const untilMid = getParentsUntil(inner, '#mid', '.inner')?.map(el => el.tagName.toLowerCase())
+    expect(untilMid).toEqual(['span'])
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/unit/utilities-bbox.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/utilities-bbox.test.js
@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
+import { strict as assert } from 'node:assert'
 import 'pathseg'

 import { NS } from '../../packages/svgcanvas/core/namespaces.js'
 import * as utilities from '../../packages/svgcanvas/core/utilities.js'
 import * as math from '../../packages/svgcanvas/core/math.js'
 import * as path from '../../packages/svgcanvas/core/path.js'
-import setAssertionMethods from '../../support/assert-close.js'
 import * as units from '../../packages/svgcanvas/core/units.js'

-// eslint-disable-next-line
-chai.use(setAssertionMethods)
-
 describe('utilities bbox', function () {
  /**
   * Create an SVG element for a mock.
@@ -21,6 +18,39 @@ describe('utilities bbox', function () {
    Object.entries(jsonMap.attr).forEach(([attr, value]) => {
      elem.setAttribute(attr, value)
    })
+    const numFromAttr = (attr, fallback = 0) => Number(jsonMap.attr[attr] ?? fallback)
+    const calcBBox = () => {
+      const tag = (jsonMap.element || '').toLowerCase()
+      switch (tag) {
+        case 'path': {
+          const d = jsonMap.attr.d || ''
+          const nums = (d.match(/-?\\d*\\.?\\d+/g) || []).map(Number)
+          if (nums.length >= 4) {
+            const xs = nums.filter((_, i) => i % 2 === 0)
+            const ys = nums.filter((_, i) => i % 2 === 1)
+            return {
+              x: Math.min(...xs),
+              y: Math.min(...ys),
+              width: Math.max(...xs) - Math.min(...xs),
+              height: Math.max(...ys) - Math.min(...ys)
+            }
+          }
+          return { x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0 }
+        }
+        case 'rect':
+          return { x: numFromAttr('x'), y: numFromAttr('y'), width: numFromAttr('width'), height: numFromAttr('height') }
+        case 'line': {
+          const x1 = numFromAttr('x1'); const x2 = numFromAttr('x2'); const y1 = numFromAttr('y1'); const y2 = numFromAttr('y2')
+          return { x: Math.min(x1, x2), y: Math.min(y1, y2), width: Math.abs(x2 - x1), height: Math.abs(y2 - y1) }
+        }
+        default:
+          return { x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0 }
+      }
+    }
+    const bbox = calcBBox()
+    elem.getBBox = () => {
+      return { ...bbox }
+    }
    return elem
  }
  let mockaddSVGElementsFromJsonCallCount = 0
--- a/tests/unit/utilities-extra2.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/utilities-extra2.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest'
+
+import { init as initUnits } from '../../packages/svgcanvas/core/units.js'
+import {
+  init as initUtilities,
+  findDefs,
+  assignAttributes,
+  snapToGrid,
+  getHref,
+  setHref,
+  dropXMLInternalSubset,
+  encodeUTF8,
+  decodeUTF8
+} from '../../packages/svgcanvas/core/utilities.js'
+
+describe('utilities extra coverage', () => {
+  let svg
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    svg = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg')
+    document.body.innerHTML = ''
+    document.body.append(svg)
+
+    // Initialize units and utilities with a minimal canvas/context stub
+    initUnits({
+      getBaseUnit: () => 'px',
+      getWidth: () => 200,
+      getHeight: () => 100,
+      getRoundDigits: () => 2
+    })
+    initUtilities({
+      getSvgRoot: () => svg,
+      getSvgContent: () => svg,
+      getDOMDocument: () => document,
+      getDOMContainer: () => svg,
+      getBaseUnit: () => 'cm',
+      getSnappingStep: () => 0.5
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('creates defs and removes namespaced attributes via assignAttributes', () => {
+    const defs = findDefs()
+    expect(defs.tagName).toBe('defs')
+    expect(svg.querySelectorAll('defs').length).toBe(1)
+
+    const rect = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'rect')
+    rect.setAttributeNS('http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace', 'xml:space', 'preserve')
+    assignAttributes(rect, { width: '10', height: '5', 'xml:space': undefined }, 0, true)
+    expect(rect.getAttribute('width')).toBe('10')
+    expect(rect.getAttribute('height')).toBe('5')
+  })
+
+  it('snaps to grid with unit conversion and handles href helpers', () => {
+    const value = snapToGrid(2.3)
+    expect(value).toBe(0)
+
+    const use = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'use')
+    setHref(use, '#ref')
+    expect(getHref(use)).toBe('#ref')
+  })
+
+  it('drops XML internal subsets and round trips UTF8 helpers', () => {
+    const doc = '<!DOCTYPE svg [<!ENTITY test "x">]><svg/>'
+    expect(dropXMLInternalSubset(doc)).toContain('<!DOCTYPE svg')
+
+    const mixed = 'äöü & < >'
+    const encoded = encodeUTF8(mixed)
+    expect(decodeUTF8(encoded)).toBe(mixed)
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/unit/utilities.test.js
+++ b/tests/unit/utilities.test.js
@@ -12,6 +12,39 @@ describe('utilities', function () {
    Object.entries(jsonMap.attr).forEach(([attr, value]) => {
      elem.setAttribute(attr, value)
    })
+    const numFromAttr = (attr, fallback = 0) => Number(jsonMap.attr[attr] ?? fallback)
+    const calcBBox = () => {
+      const tag = (jsonMap.element || '').toLowerCase()
+      switch (tag) {
+        case 'path': {
+          const d = jsonMap.attr.d || ''
+          const nums = (d.match(/-?\\d*\\.?\\d+/g) || []).map(Number)
+          if (nums.length >= 4) {
+            const xs = nums.filter((_, i) => i % 2 === 0)
+            const ys = nums.filter((_, i) => i % 2 === 1)
+            return {
+              x: Math.min(...xs),
+              y: Math.min(...ys),
+              width: Math.max(...xs) - Math.min(...xs),
+              height: Math.max(...ys) - Math.min(...ys)
+            }
+          }
+          return { x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0 }
+        }
+        case 'rect':
+          return { x: numFromAttr('x'), y: numFromAttr('y'), width: numFromAttr('width'), height: numFromAttr('height') }
+        case 'line': {
+          const x1 = numFromAttr('x1'); const x2 = numFromAttr('x2'); const y1 = numFromAttr('y1'); const y2 = numFromAttr('y2')
+          return { x: Math.min(x1, x2), y: Math.min(y1, y2), width: Math.abs(x2 - x1), height: Math.abs(y2 - y1) }
+        }
+        default:
+          return { x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0 }
+      }
+    }
+    const bbox = calcBBox()
+    elem.getBBox = () => {
+      return { ...bbox }
+    }
    return elem
  }
  /**
--- a/vite.config.mjs
+++ b/vite.config.mjs
@@ -93,11 +93,25 @@ export default defineConfig({
  test: {
    environment: 'jsdom',
    globals: true,
+    setupFiles: ['tests/unit/setup-vitest.js'],
    include: ['tests/**/*.test.{js,ts}'],
-    exclude: ['tests/e2e/**', 'tests/unit/**'],
+    exclude: ['tests/e2e/**'],
    coverage: {
      provider: 'v8',
-      include: ['src/editor/locale.js']
+      include: [
+        'src/editor/locale.js',
+        'src/editor/MainMenu.js',
+        'src/editor/contextmenu.js',
+        'packages/svgcanvas/core/paint.js',
+        'packages/svgcanvas/core/dataStorage.js',
+        'packages/svgcanvas/core/clear.js',
+        'packages/svgcanvas/core/path.js',
+        'packages/svgcanvas/core/coords.js',
+        'packages/svgcanvas/core/recalculate.js',
+        'packages/svgcanvas/core/utilities.js',
+        'packages/svgcanvas/common/util.js',
+        'packages/svgcanvas/core/touch.js'
+      ]
    }
  }
 })